{
  "bookName": "History of Christianity in India: Source Materials",
  "authorName": "M. K. Kuriakose",
  "publisherName": "Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge",
  "publicationYear": 2011,
  "chapterNumber": 186,
  "chapterName": "1950. The Constitution of India on the Freedom of Religion",
  "pageFrom": 388,
  "pageTo": 389,
  "pages": [
    {
      "pageNumber": 388,
      "ocrText": "388\nHISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA\nopen, due to the migration of other groups, or the break up of\ncaste restrictions on traditional hereditary occupations. Christians\ncan now more easily take up such work as spinning, weaving,\ntailoring, leather work in the village itself. An increasing number\nof young men must get into industry in larger centres and they\nshould certainly be trained in skilled work, such as machines, lathes,\niron, brass, pottery, etc. Commercial and other vocational training\nshould also be available.\nEvery one in the area feels that in the light of the social and\neconomic changes that have taken place the need for radical re-\nthinking of our training and educational programme is most urgent.\nThere is also the need to strengthen our pastoral work to provide\nadequate Christian nurture, so that the Christian message may find\na vital expression through the life of Christian groups who are\nsuffering or have suffered hardship and persecution in the disturbed\nareas. It is most encouraging to note the developments towards\ncloser co-operation which have been taking place in these areas.\nMissions and Churches have realized that singly they cannot tackle\nthese problems. They must act together in closest co-operation.\nA meeting of representatives of Missions and Churches in the area\nwas held on February 17 and 18, 1948, when the situation arising\nout of the recent disturbances was considered comprehensively, and\na decision was taken to form a United Board of representatives\nof all Churches and Missions. Such a step as this is in the right\ndirection and is most necessary.\n186. THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA ON THE\nFREEDOM OF RELIGION (1950 A.D.)\nThe freedom of the citizens of India to profess, practice and propa-\ngate their religion is guaranteed by the Constitution adopted in 1950.\nThe following are the relevant clauses, identified by number.\n25. (1) Subject to public order, morality and health and to the\nother provisions of this Part, all persons are equally entitled to\nfreedom of conscience and the right freely to profess, practise and\npropagate religion.\n(2) Nothing in this article shall affect the operation of any\nexisting law or prevent the State from making any law-\n(a) regulating or restricting any. economic, omic, financial,\npolitical or other secular activity which may be\nassociated with religious institutions of a public\ncharacter to all classes and sections of Hindus...",
      "status": "completed"
    },
    {
      "pageNumber": 389,
      "ocrText": "SOURCE MATERIALS\n389\nExplanation I.-The wearing and carrying of kirpans\nshall be deemed to be included in the profession\nof the Sikh religion.\nExplanation II. In sub-clause (a) of clause (2), the\nreference to Hindus shall be construed as including\na reference to persons professing the Sikh, Jaina\nor Buddhist religion, and the reference to Hindu\nreligious institutions shall be construed accordingly.\n26. Subject to public order, morality and health, every religious\ndenomination or any section thereof shall have the right-\n(a) to establish and maintain institutions for religious and\ncharitable purposes;\n(b) to manage its own affairs in matters religious;\n(c)\nto own and acquire movable and immovable property;\nand\n(d) to administer such property in accordance with law.\n27. No person shall be compelled to pay any taxes, the proceeds\nof which are specifically appropriated in payment of expenses for\nthe promotion or maintenance of any particular religion or religious\ndenomination.\n28. (1) No religious instruction shall be provided in any educa-\ntional institutions wholly maintained out of State funds.\n(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall apply to an educational\ninstitution which is administered by the State but has been estab-\nlished under any endowment or trust which requires that religious\ninstruction shall be imparted in such institution.\n(3) No person attending any educational institution recog-\nnized by the State or receiving aid out of State funds shall be required\nto take part in any religious instruction that may be imparted in\nsuch institution or to attend any religious worship that may be\nconducted in such institution or in any premises attached thereto\nunless such person or, if such person is a minor, his guardian has\ngiven his consent thereto.",
      "status": "completed"
    }
  ]
}