{"pages":{"35":{"imagePath":"H:\\web_projects\\corpus-web\\electron-app\\data\\5e07978430078cb56ea89a104e5a0c0e50b3aa1618e48c486c8af005ae015143\\raw\\pages\\00059-d3eaa41beced62177d8f.webp","width":1170,"height":1680,"segments":[{"text":"SOURCE MATERIALS","box":{"x":466,"y":161,"width":248,"height":17}},{"text":"35","box":{"x":1009,"y":155,"width":38,"height":20}},{"text":"35. LETTER OF MIGUEL VAZ TO KING","box":{"x":266,"y":227,"width":644,"height":24}},{"text":"JOAO III (1545 A.D.)","box":{"x":430,"y":261,"width":322,"height":28}},{"text":"Miguel Vaz was the Vicar General stationed at Bassein. This","box":{"x":224,"y":315,"width":771,"height":24}},{"text":"letter, written in November, 1545, reveals the role played by the","box":{"x":186,"y":340,"width":810,"height":28}},{"text":"Portuguese king in ecclesiastical affairs. Documentacao para a Historia","box":{"x":183,"y":366,"width":815,"height":27}},{"text":"das Missoes do Padroado Portugues do Oriente, Vol. III, pp. 212-213.","box":{"x":186,"y":392,"width":810,"height":25}},{"text":"Cited in G. M. Moraes, A History of Christianity in India, p. 169.","box":{"x":186,"y":417,"width":788,"height":25}},{"text":"Bassein is among the best lands, if not the best, Your Highness","box":{"x":181,"y":473,"width":866,"height":29}},{"text":"possesses on the Indian coast. It has been yielding large revenue","box":{"x":137,"y":501,"width":914,"height":31}},{"text":"for many years. But there is not a single church there, nor yet","box":{"x":137,"y":529,"width":912,"height":32}},{"text":"in the entire territory extending over fifteen leagues or more.","box":{"x":139,"y":558,"width":912,"height":29}},{"text":"Neither are there any means by which we could disabuse our","box":{"x":136,"y":584,"width":915,"height":31}},{"text":"subjects of the errors in which they live; and impress upon them","box":{"x":141,"y":612,"width":908,"height":32}},{"text":"the necessity and obligation of accepting our Holy Faith. It seems","box":{"x":139,"y":638,"width":911,"height":35}},{"text":"but right that this work be undertaken by some men who, working","box":{"x":139,"y":669,"width":914,"height":31}},{"text":"in that region, could wean the people from idolatry and Islam","box":{"x":143,"y":697,"width":908,"height":31}},{"text":"both of which are flourishing there. The best way to achieve this","box":{"x":137,"y":725,"width":914,"height":31}},{"text":"is for Your Highness to build a church, granting the purposes of","box":{"x":139,"y":752,"width":918,"height":34}},{"text":"conversion, two thousand padraos a year from what comes through","box":{"x":140,"y":782,"width":910,"height":29}},{"text":"God's bounty in this territory. Placing this sum in the hands of","box":{"x":134,"y":808,"width":921,"height":31}},{"text":"reliable men to spend on this head and entrusting them with the","box":{"x":141,"y":836,"width":910,"height":35}},{"text":"work, they would be able to do much in your service as well as for","box":{"x":139,"y":861,"width":910,"height":32}},{"text":"the salvation of their neighbours. For until the present a sum","box":{"x":140,"y":892,"width":911,"height":31}},{"text":"of three thousand, which is raised in the name of the factories,","box":{"x":141,"y":919,"width":908,"height":31}},{"text":"is spent for the glory of Muhammad and for maintaining the","box":{"x":141,"y":948,"width":908,"height":31}},{"text":"mosques. This I know from the information which, I think, for","box":{"x":141,"y":976,"width":908,"height":31}},{"text":"the reasons they gave me, to be correct.","box":{"x":140,"y":1004,"width":581,"height":29}},{"text":"36. XAVIER'S LETTER TO THE KING OF PORTUGAL","box":{"x":141,"y":1120,"width":904,"height":27}},{"text":"(1548 A.D.)","box":{"x":505,"y":1155,"width":165,"height":29}},{"text":"In this letter, written from Cochin and dated January 20, 1548,","box":{"x":228,"y":1218,"width":771,"height":32}},{"text":"Xavier asks the king to instruct the Portuguese officials in India to","box":{"x":186,"y":1242,"width":813,"height":28}},{"text":"assume direct responsibility for supporting the work of the missions.","box":{"x":189,"y":1268,"width":810,"height":27}},{"text":"J. N. Ogilvie, The Apostles of India, Appendix II, pp. 437-440.","box":{"x":188,"y":1292,"width":771,"height":28}},{"text":"To come to a matter which concerns myself individually. I have","box":{"x":179,"y":1350,"width":871,"height":34}},{"text":"often pondered in my own mind, after carefully considering the","box":{"x":136,"y":1378,"width":914,"height":34}},{"text":"question on every side, what I could write to your Majesty, as to","box":{"x":134,"y":1406,"width":915,"height":34}},{"text":"the best means of spreading, and of firmly establishing, the Christian","box":{"x":136,"y":1432,"width":914,"height":36}},{"text":"faith in this country. I am impelled to this course, on the one hand,","box":{"x":137,"y":1458,"width":910,"height":36}},{"text":"from my desire to obey God and to promote his glory. I am","box":{"x":134,"y":1489,"width":915,"height":34}},{"text":"deterred from doing it, on the other hand, because I despair of ever","box":{"x":130,"y":1514,"width":921,"height":36}}]},"36":{"imagePath":"H:\\web_projects\\corpus-web\\electron-app\\data\\5e07978430078cb56ea89a104e5a0c0e50b3aa1618e48c486c8af005ae015143\\raw\\pages\\00060-6b52f136f45bbd65e30b.webp","width":1170,"height":1680,"segments":[{"text":"36","box":{"x":119,"y":136,"width":39,"height":18}},{"text":"HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA","box":{"x":343,"y":140,"width":472,"height":21}},{"text":"seeing my proposal carried into effect. Yet it has not appeared","box":{"x":120,"y":185,"width":907,"height":39}},{"text":"possible for me to be silent with a safe conscience, especially as it is","box":{"x":116,"y":214,"width":912,"height":38}},{"text":"evident to me that the thought has been put into my mind from","box":{"x":116,"y":242,"width":912,"height":35}},{"text":"above, for some special purpose and I cannot devise any more","box":{"x":117,"y":270,"width":910,"height":35}},{"text":"probable reason for God having thus revealed the matter to me, than","box":{"x":115,"y":297,"width":912,"height":32}},{"text":"that I might make it known to your Majesty. And yet, again I","box":{"x":118,"y":327,"width":910,"height":35}},{"text":"tremble, lest, while I thus relieve my mind of its burden, my very","box":{"x":115,"y":354,"width":912,"height":36}},{"text":"letter may prove a testimony against your Majesty before God in","box":{"x":116,"y":382,"width":912,"height":35}},{"text":"your last hour, and aggravate your doom in the day of Judgement,","box":{"x":113,"y":411,"width":911,"height":34}},{"text":"by depriving you of the plea of ignorance. I beseech your Majesty","box":{"x":113,"y":437,"width":911,"height":36}},{"text":"to believe that this fear greatly distresses me, since I am deeply","box":{"x":112,"y":466,"width":912,"height":35}},{"text":"conscious that I have no wish or intention, beyond finishing my","box":{"x":112,"y":495,"width":912,"height":36}},{"text":"labours and spending my life here in India, in working for the","box":{"x":115,"y":522,"width":910,"height":32}},{"text":"salvation of the souls. I trust that, by so doing, I may, to the best","box":{"x":113,"y":548,"width":910,"height":34}},{"text":"of my ability, relieve you of the weighty duties resting upon you,","box":{"x":112,"y":578,"width":910,"height":34}},{"text":"and, by discharging a part of your proper function, may lighten","box":{"x":112,"y":604,"width":912,"height":35}},{"text":"the burden of thy Majesty's conscience, and enable you to await","box":{"x":111,"y":632,"width":914,"height":34}},{"text":"with greater safety the terrible decision of the last day. Your great","box":{"x":111,"y":659,"width":912,"height":38}},{"text":"love for the Society is such, that I ought to think this benefit cheaply","box":{"x":111,"y":688,"width":911,"height":34}},{"text":"purchased for you at the cost of any labour or troubles of my own.","box":{"x":111,"y":716,"width":908,"height":32}},{"text":"These conflicting anxieties, Sire, between my duty and your danger","box":{"x":108,"y":743,"width":915,"height":38}},{"text":"have, I confess, caused me extreme agitation and distress, but at last","box":{"x":109,"y":771,"width":911,"height":34}},{"text":"I have made up my mind, once and for all, to relieve my conscience","box":{"x":112,"y":800,"width":908,"height":32}},{"text":"of the burden which I have long concealed.","box":{"x":111,"y":826,"width":584,"height":31}},{"text":"Here, then, is the discovery which I have made during my long","box":{"x":155,"y":882,"width":865,"height":34}},{"text":"experience in India, Malacca, and the Moluccas, and which make","box":{"x":111,"y":910,"width":908,"height":31}},{"text":"me sick at heart. Your Majesty must receive it as a certain truth,","box":{"x":111,"y":937,"width":910,"height":34}},{"text":"that much is neglected which God requires to be done in this country","box":{"x":109,"y":965,"width":910,"height":34}},{"text":"and elsewhere, through the hurtful and disgraceful rivalries which,","box":{"x":112,"y":992,"width":907,"height":35}},{"text":"under the mask of sanctity, prevail amongst your officers, arising","box":{"x":109,"y":1020,"width":910,"height":34}},{"text":"out of trivial and concealed causes of offense. One declares-","box":{"x":112,"y":1046,"width":910,"height":29}},{"text":"'It is my duty to do this, and I will suffer no one else to usurp the","box":{"x":111,"y":1076,"width":907,"height":34}},{"text":"honour of it': another says If I am not the doer of it, I have no","box":{"x":111,"y":1104,"width":905,"height":31}},{"text":"wish to see others do it': whilst a third complains- I am bearing","box":{"x":111,"y":1130,"width":908,"height":35}},{"text":"the burden and heat of the day, whilst others receive all the profits","box":{"x":113,"y":1161,"width":903,"height":31}},{"text":"and thanks'. With their passions heated by these altercations,","box":{"x":109,"y":1186,"width":905,"height":32}},{"text":"they each strive, both by correspondence and manoeuvres, to further","box":{"x":113,"y":1214,"width":901,"height":36}},{"text":"their own interests. Thus, time is consumed, opportunities are","box":{"x":108,"y":1242,"width":905,"height":34}},{"text":"lost, and no place is found for the things which relate to the cause","box":{"x":111,"y":1268,"width":901,"height":34}},{"text":"of God. In the same way it often happens that the honour of your","box":{"x":106,"y":1298,"width":907,"height":32}},{"text":"Majesty, and interests of your empire in India are neglected.","box":{"x":108,"y":1327,"width":819,"height":34}},{"text":"I have discovered one only remedy for this evil the adoption of","box":{"x":154,"y":1380,"width":864,"height":32}},{"text":"which, if I mistake not, would both increase the number of Chris-","box":{"x":104,"y":1408,"width":910,"height":29}},{"text":"tians in these parts, and protect those amongst them who now","box":{"x":106,"y":1435,"width":908,"height":35}},{"text":"suffer injuries from the want of powerful patrons; so that no one,","box":{"x":109,"y":1463,"width":901,"height":32}},{"text":"either the Portuguese or Indians, would dare to molest or despoil","box":{"x":108,"y":1489,"width":907,"height":32}}]},"37":{"imagePath":"H:\\web_projects\\corpus-web\\electron-app\\data\\5e07978430078cb56ea89a104e5a0c0e50b3aa1618e48c486c8af005ae015143\\raw\\pages\\00061-ddb2f434bb66843fb335.webp","width":1170,"height":1680,"segments":[{"text":"SOURCE MATERIALS","box":{"x":474,"y":137,"width":248,"height":18}},{"text":"37","box":{"x":1013,"y":134,"width":42,"height":21}},{"text":"them. That remedy is, that your Majesty should signify and","box":{"x":144,"y":186,"width":912,"height":31}},{"text":"clearly explain your intention, both by letter to the Viceroy and","box":{"x":143,"y":212,"width":914,"height":34}},{"text":"magistrates now in India, and verbally to those whom you may","box":{"x":141,"y":242,"width":915,"height":31}},{"text":"hereafter send here, that you confide that which is your principal","box":{"x":143,"y":270,"width":912,"height":31}},{"text":"care-namely, the spreading of our holy faith, to the Viceroy and","box":{"x":140,"y":298,"width":915,"height":32}},{"text":"Governor of each province, more even than to all the ecclesiastics","box":{"x":139,"y":328,"width":917,"height":29}},{"text":"and priests who are in India; that you will call each of them strictly","box":{"x":143,"y":356,"width":911,"height":29}},{"text":"to account; and that you will impute to them every success or failure","box":{"x":143,"y":382,"width":911,"height":31}},{"text":"in this respect, and reward or punish them accordingly.","box":{"x":146,"y":410,"width":756,"height":31}},{"text":"In order that there may be no mistake about this declaration,","box":{"x":188,"y":466,"width":864,"height":31}},{"text":"I should wish you to mention each of us who are in these parts by","box":{"x":143,"y":493,"width":910,"height":31}},{"text":"name, declaring that you do not lay upon us, either individually","box":{"x":143,"y":521,"width":911,"height":35}},{"text":"or collectively, the duty which conscience demands of you; but","box":{"x":144,"y":547,"width":907,"height":32}},{"text":"that wherever there is any opportunity of spreading Christianity,","box":{"x":143,"y":577,"width":910,"height":31}},{"text":"it rests upon the Viceroy or Governor of the place, and upon him","box":{"x":146,"y":603,"width":907,"height":32}},{"text":"alone. That, since God has imposed imposed upon your ur Majesty the","box":{"x":144,"y":631,"width":908,"height":42}},{"text":"weighty duty of watching over the salvation of the souls of your","box":{"x":137,"y":661,"width":914,"height":31}},{"text":"subjects, you can only demand the fulfilment of this duty from those","box":{"x":144,"y":687,"width":907,"height":31}},{"text":"to whom you have delegated your authority, and honour of the","box":{"x":141,"y":714,"width":910,"height":34}},{"text":"magistracy and who therefore represent the person of your Majesty","box":{"x":141,"y":746,"width":915,"height":34}},{"text":"in this country. And if you find that, owing to the negligence of","box":{"x":144,"y":767,"width":912,"height":36}},{"text":"any one of them, few have embraced the faith of Christ within the","box":{"x":143,"y":801,"width":912,"height":29}},{"text":"limits of his jurisdiction, you will develop upon him the punish-","box":{"x":141,"y":827,"width":912,"height":31}},{"text":"ments which, otherwise, such neglect would call down upon your","box":{"x":141,"y":856,"width":914,"height":35}},{"text":"own head; - you have already given them full warning, that","box":{"x":144,"y":884,"width":908,"height":32}},{"text":"you have committed to your chief officers here the weighty charge","box":{"x":141,"y":910,"width":908,"height":34}},{"text":"of imbuing the souls of your heathen subjects with the faith of","box":{"x":141,"y":938,"width":914,"height":34}},{"text":"Christ.","box":{"x":141,"y":970,"width":94,"height":21}},{"text":"Whenever, therefore, the Viceroy or Governors write to you,","box":{"x":186,"y":1025,"width":865,"height":31}},{"text":"let them describe the state of Christianity; the number and quality","box":{"x":143,"y":1053,"width":910,"height":31}},{"text":"of the converts from heathenism; what hopes, what means there","box":{"x":140,"y":1081,"width":911,"height":31}},{"text":"are of adding to their number; that for information upon these","box":{"x":143,"y":1106,"width":905,"height":32}},{"text":"points you will trust only to their letters, passing over without","box":{"x":141,"y":1135,"width":907,"height":34}},{"text":"notice all other reports, from whomsoever they come. Your","box":{"x":141,"y":1162,"width":908,"height":32}},{"text":"Majesty should solemnly pledge your word, in the diplomas by","box":{"x":140,"y":1192,"width":910,"height":35}},{"text":"which you institute and confer power on any one, that you u will","box":{"x":139,"y":1215,"width":914,"height":36}},{"text":"severely punish the Governor of any town or province in which","box":{"x":144,"y":1246,"width":904,"height":32}},{"text":"few neophytes are added to our Holy Church, when it seems plain","box":{"x":144,"y":1276,"width":905,"height":31}},{"text":"that, if it had been the wish of those in authority, many converts","box":{"x":143,"y":1302,"width":905,"height":32}},{"text":"might have been secured. I very earnestly desire that you should","box":{"x":140,"y":1329,"width":910,"height":34}},{"text":"take an oath, invoking most solemnly the name of God, that in case","box":{"x":140,"y":1360,"width":908,"height":31}},{"text":"any Governor thus neglects to spread the faith, he shall, on his","box":{"x":140,"y":1385,"width":910,"height":32}},{"text":"return to Portugal, be punished by close imprisonment for many","box":{"x":139,"y":1412,"width":910,"height":34}},{"text":"years, and all his goods and possessions shall be sold, and devoted","box":{"x":137,"y":1437,"width":912,"height":38}},{"text":"to works of charity. In order that none may flatter themselves","box":{"x":137,"y":1469,"width":910,"height":29}},{"text":"that this is but an idle threat, you must declare, as plainly as possible,","box":{"x":137,"y":1496,"width":912,"height":35}}]}}}