{ "book_metadata": { "book_name": "History of Christianity in India: Source Materials", "book_author": "M. K. Kuriakose", "publisher": "Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge", "published_on": 2011 }, "chunks": [ { "chunk_index": 1, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 136 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00160-8f349c7727a105474097.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Publication of Multa Praeclare", "chunk_data": "95. PADROADO PROPAGANDA CONTROVERSY: THE MULTA PRAECLARE (1838 A. D.)\n\nOn 24th April 1838 Pope Gregory XVI published a brief, Multa praeclare, in which he sought to settle the serious jurisdictional conflicts between representatives of the Portuguese padroado and the Propaganda in India. It supported the Propaganda in removing the diocesan areas of Cranganore, Cochin and Mylapore from the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Goa. Henceforth those areas would be under the jurisdiction of Vicars-Apostolic directly subject to Rome. This is to replace all past bulls regarding jurisdiction in India. Cited in Ernest R. Hull, Bombay Mission-History with a Special Study of the Padroado Question, Vol. I, pp. 239-244.", "time": { "start_year": 1838, "start_month": 4, "start_date": 24, "end_year": 1838, "end_month": 4, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "24 April 1838" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Pope Gregory XVI", "Ernest R. Hull" ], "places": [ "India", "Cranganore", "Cochin", "Mylapore", "Goa", "Rome" ], "event": "Pope Gregory XVI published Multa praeclare to settle jurisdictional conflicts between the Portuguese padroado and the Propaganda in India.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Politics", "Church Jurisdiction" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 2, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 136 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00160-8f349c7727a105474097.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Gregory XVI Addresses the East Indies", "chunk_data": "The Apostolic Letter of His Holiness Pope Gregory XVI\nConcerning the institution of Vicars-Apostolic in the East Indies.\n\nGregory XVI Pope\n\nFor Perpetual Memory Hereof", "time": { "start_year": 1838, "start_month": 4, "start_date": 24, "end_year": 1838, "end_month": 4, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "24 April 1838" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Pope Gregory XVI" ], "places": [ "East Indies" ], "event": "Gregory XVI issued an Apostolic Letter concerning the institution of Vicars-Apostolic in the East Indies.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Church Government" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 3, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 136 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00160-8f349c7727a105474097.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Pap al Concern for the East Indies", "chunk_data": "The Roman Pontiffs, Our Predecessors, in accordance with the obligations of the Pastoral Office, have determined many things very expressly that, in the most extensive regions of the East Indies, they might provide for the increase of the Catholic Religion. For whereas, on account of the very great distance of those countries from the Apostolic See, and on account of the length of journeys and the difficulties of places, the cultivation of that extensive portion of the vineyard of the Lord must be very arduous, the Roman Pontiffs have earnestly demonstrated their solicitude to sanction by their authority, and order to be accurately observed, whatever, according to the different changes of the times, might seem likely to be useful to religion among those nations.", "time": { "start_year": 1838, "start_month": 4, "start_date": 24, "end_year": 1838, "end_month": 4, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "24 April 1838" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Pope Gregory XVI", "Roman Pontiffs" ], "places": [ "East Indies", "Rome" ], "event": "The Roman Pontiffs described their efforts to support Catholicism across the distant East Indies.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Missions" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 4, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 136 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00160-8f349c7727a105474097.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Concessions to Catholic Communities", "chunk_data": "We omit to make mention of the care, never neglected by the Apostolic See, that priests should be encouraged everywhere to perform the duties of the sacred ministry in those places. We say nothing of the singular favour and benignity exhibited by Our Predecessors, that, in order not to retard the progress of the Catholic religion in those places, they made almost innumerable concessions, by which they suffered those nations to be treated more gently than the institutes of the canons and a more severe discipline required. We will only mention herein that indication of gratitude which in accordance with their dignity, the Roman Pontiffs showed to those who, it appeared, were useful to religion throughout those places.", "time": { "start_year": 1838, "start_month": 4, "start_date": 24, "end_year": 1838, "end_month": 4, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "24 April 1838" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Pope Gregory XVI", "Roman Pontiffs", "Priests" ], "places": [ "East Indies" ], "event": "The Apostolic See recalled its support for priests and its concessions to promote Catholicism in the East Indies.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Missions" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 5, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 137 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00161-338aab9b2ba61f9f7612.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Portuguese Patronage Privilege", "chunk_data": "The privilege of patronage, granted by the Apostolic See to the Most Faithful Kings of Portugal, that the Bishops of some dioceses in those regions might be elected upon their nomination, contains an evident proof of this matter. For, whereas the piety and munificence of those Princes had contributed much to the founding of certain bishoprics in those most extensive regions, our Predecessors, desiring to reward their merits by a testimony of their gratitude, have granted that the Apostolic See would choose, as Bishops of those Dioceses, the persons whom, being worthy, they had nominated. Moreover, by the concession of this privilege the Apostolic See expected that the vacancy of those Episcopal Sees would not be of long duration; that those places would secure suitable Bishops more easily, and that due assistance would be at hand for the Bishops themselves, such as would accord with their dignity. But it has come to pass from the vicissitudes of the times that this, which was for a long time a benefit to religion in those countries, could not remain in that state which the decrees of Our Predecessors, published under circumstances entirely different, and commanded to be observed.", "time": { "start_year": 1514, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1838, "end_month": 4, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "16th–19th centuries" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Kings of Portugal", "Roman Pontiffs" ], "places": [ "Portugal", "East Indies" ], "event": "The Apostolic See explained the Portuguese kings' patronage privilege and argued that changing circumstances had altered its usefulness.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Politics", "Portugal" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 6, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 137 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00161-338aab9b2ba61f9f7612.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Need to Reform Ecclesiastical Government", "chunk_data": "Often times, whilst as yet we presided over the Council for propagating the Christian Name, We felt it to be Our duty to weigh the importance of the reasons which demonstrated that those countries, so widely extending, which constitute a very great part of the vast peninsula on this side of the Ganges, necessarily require that the Apostolic See should succour religion in danger therein, and should modify the form of ecclesiastical government in such manner as would be consistent with the safety of religion.", "time": { "start_year": 1831, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1838, "end_month": 4, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "1831–1838" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Pope Gregory XVI" ], "places": [ "India", "Ganges" ], "event": "While leading the Propaganda Council, Gregory XVI concluded that ecclesiastical government in India needed reform.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Church Government", "Missions" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 7, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 137 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00161-338aab9b2ba61f9f7612.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Earlier Diocesan Foundations", "chunk_data": "It was known to us that those regions are comprehended within the limits of the Dioceses of Cranganore, Cochin, and Mylapore or St. Thomé. It was also manifest to Us that our predecessors had granted to the most Faithful Kings of Portugal, patronage with respect to those Dioceses, and the privilege of nominating the Bishops. For this is contained in the Apostolic Letter of Paul IV of happy memory, of the 4th day of February in the year 1557, which begins Pro excellenti, by which he founded the Diocese of Cochin likewise in that of Clement VIII, of the 4th of August 1600, beginning In supremo, and of Paul V, of the 6th day of February 1616, beginning Alias postquam, concerning the erection of the Archbishopric of Cranganore; and finally, in the Apostolic Decree of Paul V, of the 9th day of January 1606, by which the Bishopric of Mylapore or St. Thomé was established.", "time": { "start_year": 1557, "start_month": 2, "start_date": 4, "end_year": 1616, "end_month": 2, "end_date": 6, "time_display": "1557–1616" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Paul IV", "Clement VIII", "Paul V", "Kings of Portugal" ], "places": [ "Cranganore", "Cochin", "Mylapore", "St. Thomé", "Portugal" ], "event": "Earlier papal documents established or defined the dioceses of Cochin, Cranganore, and Mylapore under Portuguese patronage.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Church Jurisdiction", "Portugal" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 8, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 137, 138 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00161-338aab9b2ba61f9f7612.webp", "raw\\pages\\00162-cba0701e2e66ea2d2229.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Vicariates Established in India", "chunk_data": "We have never omitted, from that time, to make every endeavour for promoting the welfare of religion which the circumstances of the times allowed.\n\nBut since that we, though unworthy, have been raised to the chair of Peter, we have been incited much more frequently, and by records of the utmost importance, to aid religion labouring under very great difficulty in those nations. Weighing those things deliberately, and bearing in mind the obligations of Apostolic solicitude, we have therefore been induced to constitute, by Apostolic Letters of the 18th day of April 1834, beginning Latissimi terrarum tractus, a Vicar-Apostolic depending from the Apostolic See alone, who would have subject to him the populous city of Calcutta and its political prefecture.", "time": { "start_year": 1834, "start_month": 4, "start_date": 18, "end_year": 1834, "end_month": 4, "end_date": 18, "time_display": "18 April 1834" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Pope Gregory XVI" ], "places": [ "India", "Calcutta", "Rome" ], "event": "Gregory XVI established an Apostolic Vicariate directly dependent on Rome for Calcutta and its prefecture.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Church Government", "India" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 9, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 138 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00162-cba0701e2e66ea2d2229.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Vicariates for Bengal Madras Ceylon", "chunk_data": "Whereas, however, some persons were found to resist the jurisdiction of the Vicar-Apostolic instituted by Us, and to contend that obedience ought not to be paid to our Apostolic Letters, because in them We had not, by an express mention, derogated from those things which Paul V, on the 9th day of January 1606, had decreed concerning the boundaries of the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Mylapore or St. Thomé; We, by another Apostolic Brief, on the 4th day of August 1835, the beginning of which is Commissi Nobis, have rejected all this pretext of dissention, and have declared many things which would tend to establish more firmly the authority of the Vicar-Apostolic of Bengal. For the same reason it was that We determined that another Vicar-Apostolic should be instituted at Madras, by a letter on the 25th day of the April 1834, beginning Ex. debito pastoralis. This was also the reason why We published on the 23rd day of December 1836, another Apostolic Brief beginning Ex munere pastoralis, by which We committed the most extensive Island of Ceylon to be governed by a Vicar-Apostolic instituted by Us.", "time": { "start_year": 1834, "start_month": 4, "start_date": 25, "end_year": 1836, "end_month": 12, "end_date": 23, "time_display": "25 April 1834–23 December 1836" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Pope Gregory XVI", "Paul V" ], "places": [ "Mylapore", "St. Thomé", "Bengal", "Madras", "Ceylon" ], "event": "Gregory XVI defended the Bengal vicariate and established Apostolic Vicariates for Madras and Ceylon.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Church Government", "India" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 10, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 138 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00162-cba0701e2e66ea2d2229.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Coromandel Coast Vicariate", "chunk_data": "For this reason finally it was that, desiring to provide for the necessities of religion among those people who inhabit that part of the peninsula which lies towards the East of the Ghaut Mountains, and extends from the River Cauvery into Cape Comorin, We have committed the entire tract of country which comprehends the kingdoms of Madura, Tanjore, Morava, and Mysore, through our Congregation de Propaganda Fide, on the 3rd day of June 1837, to the care and jurisdiction of our venerable Brother Clement, Bishop of Drusipare, Vicar-Apostolic of the Coromandel Coast, in a provisional way, and until it may be otherwise decreed by the Holy See.", "time": { "start_year": 1837, "start_month": 6, "start_date": 3, "end_year": 1837, "end_month": 6, "end_date": 3, "time_display": "3 June 1837" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Clement, Bishop of Drusipare" ], "places": [ "Ghaut Mountains", "River Cauvery", "Cape Comorin", "Madura", "Tanjore", "Morava", "Mysore", "Coromandel Coast" ], "event": "The Propaganda entrusted the kingdoms of Madura, Tanjore, Morava, and Mysore to Clement, Vicar-Apostolic of the Coromandel Coast.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Missions", "India" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 11, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 138, 139 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00162-cba0701e2e66ea2d2229.webp", "raw\\pages\\00163-c369fbd8907474f2dd10.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Religious Harm in Unassigned Regions", "chunk_data": "We understand that by these things, which have been hitherto decreed by Us concerning this country of the Indies, the advantage of religion in a very large part of India has been provided for. But, besides those places which have been given to be governed by Vicars-Apostolic, several countries yet remain, for the spiritual good of which We are bound to provide, and which are situated within the boundaries of the Dioceses of Cranganore, Cochin, and Mylapore or St. Thomé. We know that ecclesiastical discipline, the morals of the people, the Catholic faith in those countries, which so long lack a Pastor, have suffered great injury; and we are well aware that many use the pretext of defending and preserving the rights of those dioceses in order to resist the Vicars-Apostolic whom the Apostolic See has constituted, to oppose their authority, and endeavour to excite a pernicious schism. We sensibly feel that We, by reason of the office which God has committed to Us in succession to St. Peter, are wholly obliged to have a care of the Church, even in every scattered portion of the world, and to decree all things whatsoever that we see would contribute to the support of religion everywhere.", "time": { "start_year": 1838, "start_month": 4, "start_date": 24, "end_year": 1838, "end_month": 4, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "24 April 1838" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Pope Gregory XVI", "St. Peter" ], "places": [ "India", "Cranganore", "Cochin", "Mylapore", "St. Thomé" ], "event": "Gregory XVI stated that unassigned regions suffered from the lack of pastors and resistance to Apostolic Vicars.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Church Conflict", "Schism" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 12, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 139 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00163-c369fbd8907474f2dd10.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Papal Reorganization of Jurisdictions", "chunk_data": "Therefore, having taken advice on so important an affair with our Ven. Brethren the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church placed over the affairs of Propaganda Fide, the opinion of the same being approved of, and a mature consideration of the entire business having been instituted by Us, in the plenitude of Apostolic power We judge it fit to decree as follows :-\n\nVidelicet, in a provisional way, and as long as the Apostolic See shall come to no other new determination, We decree that all those countries which are contained within the limits of the Diocese of Mylapore or St. Thomé, and which have been up to this time committed to no Vicar-Apostolic, are to be united to the Apostolic Vicariate of Madras; and that all jurisdiction and authority, ecclesiastical and spiritual, over those countries belong to our Venerable Brother Daniel, Bishop of Salditan and Vicar-Apostolic of Madras and to his successors.", "time": { "start_year": 1838, "start_month": 4, "start_date": 24, "end_year": 1838, "end_month": 4, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "24 April 1838" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Pope Gregory XVI", "Daniel, Bishop of Salditan", "Cardinals of Propaganda Fide" ], "places": [ "Mylapore", "St. Thomé", "Madras", "Rome" ], "event": "After consulting the Propaganda cardinals, Gregory XVI assigned unserved areas of Mylapore to the Apostolic Vicariate of Madras under Daniel.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Church Government", "India" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 13, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 139 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00163-c369fbd8907474f2dd10.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Malabar and Malacca Assignments", "chunk_data": "But with respect to the countries which are contained within the limits of the Dioceses of Cranganore and Cochin, and which up to this time have been delivered to no Vicar-Apostolic; in the same way We order that they be united to the Apostolic Vicariate instituted in the country of Malabar, the seat of which is in the town of Verapoly; and that all jurisdiction and authority, ecclesiastical and spiritual, over those countries shall belong to Our Venerable Brother Francis Xavier, Bishop of Amata, the Vicar-Apostolic residing at Verapoly, and to his successors. And that the country of Malacca beyond the Ganges may also receive the benefit of our Apostolic solicitude, and that We may provide for the safety and increase of religion therein, We in the same provisional way subject that entire country to the jurisdiction of our Venerable Brother Frederic Cao, Bishop of Zama and Vicar-Apostolic of Ava and Pegu.", "time": { "start_year": 1838, "start_month": 4, "start_date": 24, "end_year": 1838, "end_month": 4, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "24 April 1838" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Francis Xavier, Bishop of Amata", "Frederic Cao, Bishop of Zama" ], "places": [ "Cranganore", "Cochin", "Malabar", "Verapoly", "Malacca", "Ava", "Pegu", "Ganges" ], "event": "Unserved areas of Cranganore and Cochin were assigned to Francis Xavier at Verapoly, while Malacca was assigned to Frederic Cao.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Church Government", "Missions" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 14, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 139, 140 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00163-c369fbd8907474f2dd10.webp", "raw\\pages\\00164-c7a55276e77274841597.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Vicars Apostolic Made Sole Ordinaries", "chunk_data": "We declare that in the ecclesiastical and spiritual government of those countries the Vicars-Apostolic above named depend immediately from Us, and from the Apostolic See alone; that they alone are to be regarded by all as the true Ordinaries of those countries; and that all should obey them, and receive ecclesiastical jurisdiction and faculties from them. Therefore We derogate from the Apostolic letters above recited of Our Predecessors concerning the erection and limits of the dioceses of Cranganore, Cochin, and Mylapore or St. Thomé, and likewise from that published by Paul IV, on the 4th day of February 1557, beginning Pro excellenti, concerning the erection of the Bishopric of Malacca; and moreover, We derogate also from the Apostolic letter of Our Predecessor Paul IV, of happy memory, of the 4th day of February 1557, beginning Etsi sancta, concerning the erection of the Archbishopric of Goa—so that the Archbishop of Goa cannot in future exercise any jurisdiction, under any title whatsoever, even worthy of special mention, in the countries of which we speak.", "time": { "start_year": 1838, "start_month": 4, "start_date": 24, "end_year": 1838, "end_month": 4, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "24 April 1838" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Pope Gregory XVI", "Paul IV", "Archbishop of Goa" ], "places": [ "Cranganore", "Cochin", "Mylapore", "St. Thomé", "Malacca", "Goa" ], "event": "Gregory XVI made the Vicars-Apostolic directly dependent on Rome and removed the Archbishop of Goa's jurisdiction over the specified regions.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Church Jurisdiction", "Politics" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 15, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 140 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00164-c7a55276e77274841597.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Hope for Church Growth", "chunk_data": "These things being thus determined, We consider that We have fully provided for the proper government of religion throughout those places; and we confidently hope that it will come to pass that, God Almighty blessing the design commenced by Us, these things may greatly tend to the increase of the Church. For We feel confident that all will pay to our decrees that obedience which is due to our dignity, to whom through Peter the power of feeding, directing, and governing the universal Church has been delivered by God. Finally, We doubt not that those who hitherto have resisted Our will, will be susceptible of more wholesome counsel, and become sincerely averse to the most grievous evil of schism.", "time": { "start_year": 1838, "start_month": 4, "start_date": 24, "end_year": 1838, "end_month": 4, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "24 April 1838" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Pope Gregory XVI", "St. Peter" ], "places": [ "India" ], "event": "Gregory XVI expressed hope that the new ecclesiastical arrangements would strengthen the Church and end resistance and schism.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Church Conflict", "Church Government" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 16, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 140 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00164-c7a55276e77274841597.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Limits of Portuguese Patronage", "chunk_data": "For besides that duty peculiar to every Catholic, by which he is bound to obey Peter speaking through Us, We are persuaded that they will now have realised, that those reasons which they have alleged in defence of their dissension can by no means excuse their opposition.\n\nFor it is well known to all that the Apostolic See, in conceding that patronage to the Most Faithful Kings of Portugal, never intended to place an impediment to its providing for religion in those countries, nor to its having the power to decree those things which, in consideration of the necessity of the times, the salvation of the Christian people might afterwards demand.", "time": { "start_year": 1838, "start_month": 4, "start_date": 24, "end_year": 1838, "end_month": 4, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "24 April 1838" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Pope Gregory XVI", "Kings of Portugal" ], "places": [ "Portugal", "India" ], "event": "Gregory XVI argued that Catholic obedience and the Portuguese patronage privilege could not obstruct later papal measures needed for Christian salvation.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Politics", "Portugal" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 17, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 140 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00164-c7a55276e77274841597.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Changed Political Circumstances", "chunk_data": "We think that they will also see how greatly different, and distinct from the present state of things, the times were in which that privilege was granted and observed. We suppose that they are also aware that those countries, to provide for the good of which We have turned our attention, are no longer subject to the old political Government, under which it was easy for the Kings of Portugal to exercise their patronage; but that they have come under the sway of a most powerful Sovereign, whose form of government and institutions, We are well aware, will not allow it.", "time": { "start_year": 1838, "start_month": 4, "start_date": 24, "end_year": 1838, "end_month": 4, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "24 April 1838" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Pope Gregory XVI", "Kings of Portugal" ], "places": [ "Portugal", "India" ], "event": "Gregory XVI stated that changed political conditions had ended Portugal's practical ability to exercise patronage in India.", "tags": [ "Politics", "Religion", "Portugal" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 18, "chapter_name": "1838. Padroado Propaganda Controversy: The Multa Praeclare", "page_numbers": [ 140 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00164-c7a55276e77274841597.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Earlier Separation of Vicariates", "chunk_data": "Finally, We remember that the Roman Pontiffs Our Predecessors, notwithstanding the concession of the patronage, have rightly decreed that from the Dioceses comprehended under that privilege provinces should sometimes be separated, and Apostolic Vicariates, embracing those provinces, constituted for the benefit of religion.", "time": { "start_year": 1514, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1838, "end_month": 4, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "Before 1838" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Roman Pontiffs" ], "places": [ "India" ], "event": "Earlier popes had separated provinces from patronage dioceses and established Apostolic Vicariates for religious benefit.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Church Government", "Church Jurisdiction" ] } } ] }