{"pages":{"248":{"imagePath":"H:\\web_projects\\corpus-web\\electron-app\\data\\5e07978430078cb56ea89a104e5a0c0e50b3aa1618e48c486c8af005ae015143\\raw\\pages\\00272-74530ba1c8faa4eddd20.webp","width":1170,"height":1680,"segments":[{"text":"248","box":{"x":134,"y":147,"width":53,"height":17}},{"text":"HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA","box":{"x":362,"y":147,"width":477,"height":20}},{"text":"I venture to make this appeal because I believe that those who regard","box":{"x":139,"y":196,"width":915,"height":31}},{"text":"the preaching of the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ to the heathen","box":{"x":139,"y":223,"width":917,"height":31}},{"text":"so important as to spend in its accomplishment millions of money","box":{"x":139,"y":252,"width":914,"height":36}},{"text":"and hundreds of valuable lives will deem it of the first importance","box":{"x":137,"y":278,"width":917,"height":34}},{"text":"to prepare the way for the spread of the gospel by throwing open","box":{"x":139,"y":309,"width":915,"height":31}},{"text":"the locked doors of the Indian zenanas, which cannot be done","box":{"x":137,"y":334,"width":918,"height":32}},{"text":"safely without giving suitable education to the women, whereby","box":{"x":137,"y":364,"width":917,"height":32}},{"text":"they will be able to bear the dazzling light of the outer world and","box":{"x":139,"y":392,"width":918,"height":31}},{"text":"the perilous blasts of social persecution.","box":{"x":140,"y":420,"width":544,"height":34}},{"text":"Mothers and fathers, compare the condition of your own sweet","box":{"x":182,"y":465,"width":872,"height":31}},{"text":"darlings at your happy firesides with that of millions of little girls","box":{"x":137,"y":491,"width":917,"height":32}},{"text":"of corresponding age in India, who have already been sacrificed on","box":{"x":134,"y":521,"width":922,"height":34}},{"text":"the unholy altar of an inhuman social custom, and ask yourselves","box":{"x":134,"y":545,"width":917,"height":32}},{"text":"whether you can stop short of doing something to rescue the little","box":{"x":132,"y":575,"width":924,"height":32}},{"text":"widows from the hands of their tormentors. Millions of heart-","box":{"x":133,"y":602,"width":919,"height":29}},{"text":"rending cries are daily rising rising from within the stony walls of Indian","box":{"x":139,"y":631,"width":915,"height":36}},{"text":"Zenanas; thousands of child widows are annually dying without","box":{"x":132,"y":658,"width":921,"height":32}},{"text":"a ray of hope to cheer their hearts, and other thousands are daily","box":{"x":137,"y":686,"width":917,"height":32}},{"text":"being crushed under a fearful weight of sin and shame, with no one","box":{"x":134,"y":714,"width":919,"height":32}},{"text":"to prevent their ruin by providing for them a better way.","box":{"x":139,"y":743,"width":792,"height":32}},{"text":"Will you not, all of you who read this book, think of these, my","box":{"x":179,"y":788,"width":876,"height":32}},{"text":"country-women, and rise, moved by a common impulse, to free","box":{"x":134,"y":815,"width":918,"height":32}},{"text":"them from life-long slavery and infernal misery? I beg you, all","box":{"x":137,"y":843,"width":915,"height":32}},{"text":"who have any interest in or compassion for your fellow-creatures,","box":{"x":132,"y":872,"width":921,"height":31}},{"text":"let the cry of India's daughters, feeble though it be, reach your ears","box":{"x":136,"y":900,"width":917,"height":29}},{"text":"and stir your hearts. In the name of humanity, in the name of","box":{"x":136,"y":925,"width":919,"height":32}},{"text":"your sacred responsibilities as workers in the cause of humanity,","box":{"x":136,"y":955,"width":917,"height":31}},{"text":"and, above all, in the most holy name of God, I summon you,","box":{"x":139,"y":983,"width":911,"height":31}},{"text":"true women and men of America, to bestow your help quickly,","box":{"x":136,"y":1011,"width":918,"height":31}},{"text":"regardless of nation, caste or creed.","box":{"x":139,"y":1039,"width":486,"height":29}},{"text":"131. Mrs. K. C. CHATTERJEE ON ZENANA WORK IN THE","box":{"x":133,"y":1134,"width":919,"height":25}},{"text":"PUNJAB (1888 A.D.)","box":{"x":451,"y":1165,"width":299,"height":29}},{"text":"In this report Mrs. K. C. Chatterjee describes the beginnings of","box":{"x":225,"y":1217,"width":785,"height":25}},{"text":"systematic zenana work in the Punjab. Mrs. Chatterjee was an out-","box":{"x":186,"y":1242,"width":822,"height":28}},{"text":"standing educator associated with the American Presbyterian Mission.","box":{"x":185,"y":1265,"width":822,"height":27}},{"text":"She started a Girls' School at Hoshiarpur and was the only Indian","box":{"x":185,"y":1290,"width":820,"height":27}},{"text":"woman from the Punjab to testify before the Hunter Commission on","box":{"x":183,"y":1317,"width":824,"height":25}},{"text":"Education. Woman's Work for Woman and our Mission Field, vol. III,","box":{"x":183,"y":1343,"width":822,"height":25}},{"text":"April, 1888, pp. 96-98.","box":{"x":183,"y":1370,"width":270,"height":24}},{"text":"Necessity for this work arises from the peculiar social insti-","box":{"x":176,"y":1419,"width":876,"height":34}},{"text":"tutions of this country. These forbid the appearance of women","box":{"x":133,"y":1449,"width":921,"height":32}},{"text":"and grown-up girls in public. Amongst Mohammedans the","box":{"x":130,"y":1476,"width":924,"height":34}},{"text":"custom is enjoined by their religion, therefore every Mohammedan","box":{"x":129,"y":1503,"width":925,"height":35}}]},"249":{"imagePath":"H:\\web_projects\\corpus-web\\electron-app\\data\\5e07978430078cb56ea89a104e5a0c0e50b3aa1618e48c486c8af005ae015143\\raw\\pages\\00273-75889e3dfdc387676d08.webp","width":1170,"height":1680,"segments":[{"text":"SOURCE MATERIALS","box":{"x":448,"y":151,"width":248,"height":18}},{"text":"249","box":{"x":980,"y":143,"width":55,"height":20}},{"text":"woman is bound to obey it. The Hindus have no such religious","box":{"x":115,"y":195,"width":918,"height":34}},{"text":"injunction. But they have learned the customs from Moslems","box":{"x":119,"y":225,"width":915,"height":35}},{"text":"and many of them consider it a part of respectability to observe it.","box":{"x":119,"y":253,"width":918,"height":35}},{"text":"Hindu women visit temples and religious shrines; they go to their","box":{"x":112,"y":282,"width":925,"height":34}},{"text":"friends and relatives in times of joy and sorrow, but they do not","box":{"x":118,"y":310,"width":921,"height":32}},{"text":"appear in public meetings attended by men. If we want to en-","box":{"x":116,"y":339,"width":919,"height":35}},{"text":"lighten women of the upper classes and bring them under Gospel","box":{"x":118,"y":365,"width":918,"height":35}},{"text":"influence, we must do so by going where they can be found. That","box":{"x":119,"y":393,"width":918,"height":35}},{"text":"place is the Zanakhana. They cannot come to us; we must go to","box":{"x":116,"y":423,"width":919,"height":34}},{"text":"them. This is the principle on which zenana work is founded.","box":{"x":119,"y":450,"width":858,"height":34}},{"text":"There is another reason why it is necessary. It is to complete","box":{"x":165,"y":502,"width":875,"height":38}},{"text":"the work begun in Girl's schools. The education imparted in these","box":{"x":122,"y":531,"width":918,"height":35}},{"text":"schools is very imperfect. Children attend for a short time and are","box":{"x":119,"y":561,"width":922,"height":32}},{"text":"withdrawn before much substantial good is effected. All Hindu","box":{"x":116,"y":586,"width":925,"height":35}},{"text":"girls are between the ages of seven and twelve, and seldom, if ever,","box":{"x":118,"y":616,"width":924,"height":34}},{"text":"afterwards attend school. They therefore leave school just at the","box":{"x":119,"y":643,"width":921,"height":32}},{"text":"time when their minds begin to develop and think on serious","box":{"x":119,"y":672,"width":921,"height":34}},{"text":"subjects. It is therefore of utmost importance that some means","box":{"x":119,"y":701,"width":921,"height":34}},{"text":"should be found to continue and deepen the impression made in","box":{"x":118,"y":725,"width":926,"height":36}},{"text":"earlier years, and that means is zenana work.","box":{"x":119,"y":758,"width":621,"height":29}},{"text":"Although the necessity of this form of missionary labour was","box":{"x":160,"y":810,"width":883,"height":35}},{"text":"felt from the beginning, it could not be easily supplied. The people","box":{"x":119,"y":835,"width":924,"height":36}},{"text":"were not prepared for it. They looked upon it with dismay.","box":{"x":118,"y":866,"width":926,"height":34}},{"text":"Besides, there were the prejudices against Christianity to contend","box":{"x":116,"y":894,"width":929,"height":34}},{"text":"with, prejudices shared alike by Hindus and Mohammedans, and","box":{"x":119,"y":920,"width":925,"height":36}},{"text":"so strong at one time as to be deemed almost insuperable. But","box":{"x":120,"y":948,"width":925,"height":35}},{"text":"blessed be God, time has brought a mighty change. Female","box":{"x":118,"y":975,"width":926,"height":36}},{"text":"education began to be appreciated and abhorrence of Christianity","box":{"x":118,"y":1004,"width":928,"height":35}},{"text":"became less. The missionaries commenced to be regarded as","box":{"x":119,"y":1033,"width":924,"height":32}},{"text":"friends and benefactors to the country. Then began the era of","box":{"x":122,"y":1060,"width":926,"height":32}},{"text":"zenana work","box":{"x":125,"y":1095,"width":175,"height":24}},{"text":"What is the nature of the work that these ladies and their assis-","box":{"x":167,"y":1143,"width":878,"height":29}},{"text":"tants do in the zenanas? This may be described as partly educa-","box":{"x":122,"y":1172,"width":922,"height":31}},{"text":"tional, partly evangelistic. Those engaged in educational work","box":{"x":122,"y":1199,"width":925,"height":35}},{"text":"open small classes attended by pupils belonging to one or more","box":{"x":120,"y":1226,"width":926,"height":36}},{"text":"families. The subjects taught are of the most elementary character","box":{"x":119,"y":1254,"width":928,"height":36}},{"text":"in one of the vernaculars of the country. English is taught in some","box":{"x":123,"y":1280,"width":924,"height":41}},{"text":"classes. Needle or fancy-work is taught to those who desire it.","box":{"x":122,"y":1311,"width":925,"height":35}},{"text":"Bible truths are communicated to all out of the Bible itself, Barth's","box":{"x":119,"y":1340,"width":926,"height":31}},{"text":"Scripture History, Pilgrim's Progress or kindred works. Pictures","box":{"x":123,"y":1368,"width":924,"height":34}},{"text":"are generally used to illustrate Scripture truths. Hymns and bhajans","box":{"x":125,"y":1397,"width":921,"height":32}},{"text":"are sung and taught.","box":{"x":126,"y":1430,"width":280,"height":28}},{"text":"Those who do evangelistic work go from house to house without","box":{"x":174,"y":1479,"width":876,"height":34}},{"text":"much system, visiting wherever they find an open door and a willing","box":{"x":127,"y":1508,"width":921,"height":32}}]},"250":{"imagePath":"H:\\web_projects\\corpus-web\\electron-app\\data\\5e07978430078cb56ea89a104e5a0c0e50b3aa1618e48c486c8af005ae015143\\raw\\pages\\00274-8ca799cc1827422cbecc.webp","width":1170,"height":1680,"segments":[{"text":"250","box":{"x":130,"y":148,"width":59,"height":18}},{"text":"HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA","box":{"x":360,"y":156,"width":480,"height":21}},{"text":"ear. After inquiring about the welfare of the members of the","box":{"x":130,"y":203,"width":928,"height":32}},{"text":"family they introduce the message and endeavour to impress it on","box":{"x":134,"y":230,"width":922,"height":36}},{"text":"their hearers by conversation, reading or expounding the Word of","box":{"x":133,"y":260,"width":925,"height":36}},{"text":"God. They also make use of bhajans and pictures.","box":{"x":129,"y":287,"width":715,"height":35}},{"text":"Of these two forms of zenana labour the former is the most","box":{"x":176,"y":344,"width":879,"height":28}},{"text":"important and best adapted to the present wants of our women.","box":{"x":134,"y":370,"width":918,"height":35}},{"text":"They are sunk in ignorance. To raise them from this degraded","box":{"x":130,"y":401,"width":924,"height":32}},{"text":"state, knowledge as well as Gospel truth is necessary, and both are","box":{"x":133,"y":429,"width":921,"height":32}},{"text":"supplied by the educational system. It aims at the renovation of","box":{"x":131,"y":455,"width":922,"height":32}},{"text":"the entire women, her intellectual, moral and spiritual nature.","box":{"x":130,"y":483,"width":921,"height":34}},{"text":"This form of labour is generally carried on in large cities and towns","box":{"x":129,"y":512,"width":922,"height":32}},{"text":"by missionary ladies themselves. If Bible women take part in this","box":{"x":129,"y":540,"width":922,"height":34}},{"text":"work, they do so under the close and immediate superintendence","box":{"x":126,"y":567,"width":924,"height":35}},{"text":"of the ladies.","box":{"x":133,"y":595,"width":178,"height":24}},{"text":"The evangelistic work has also its importance and usefulness.","box":{"x":175,"y":652,"width":873,"height":35}},{"text":"It is the only means of reaching the great mass of women who have","box":{"x":130,"y":679,"width":918,"height":32}},{"text":"neither time nor inclination to go through a regular course of","box":{"x":129,"y":706,"width":922,"height":36}},{"text":"instruction. It is also the only way of carrying the Gospel at present","box":{"x":127,"y":734,"width":919,"height":34}},{"text":"to the zenanas of the villages. These are visited in the Punjab,","box":{"x":129,"y":762,"width":919,"height":34}},{"text":"principally by the Bible-women.","box":{"x":129,"y":788,"width":444,"height":32}},{"text":"How do the people regard zenana work, especially the religious","box":{"x":168,"y":847,"width":876,"height":35}},{"text":"element in it? It is popular with the advanced classes of native","box":{"x":122,"y":872,"width":924,"height":35}},{"text":"society, particularly with the Brahmos and those who have been","box":{"x":129,"y":901,"width":917,"height":32}},{"text":"educated in mission schools. These appreciate female education","box":{"x":124,"y":928,"width":922,"height":35}},{"text":"and do not object to Bible instruction. Referring to them, one of","box":{"x":126,"y":958,"width":919,"height":34}},{"text":"our missionary ladies says: We have more calls than can be","box":{"x":126,"y":984,"width":918,"height":32}},{"text":"answered. Were good Native Christian workers only a. lable,","box":{"x":127,"y":1014,"width":917,"height":32}},{"text":"our work could be ind indefinitely extended. We pay nothing to our","box":{"x":127,"y":1040,"width":915,"height":36}},{"text":"women; they come of their own free will, and after several lessons","box":{"x":122,"y":1071,"width":919,"height":29}},{"text":"are usually sufficiently interested to desire a continuance of them.","box":{"x":123,"y":1095,"width":919,"height":35}},{"text":"When we receive a call we always inform the parties that Bible","box":{"x":117,"y":1125,"width":925,"height":35}},{"text":"instruction will be the chief feature, and other things only secondary.'","box":{"x":120,"y":1152,"width":919,"height":32}},{"text":"With less enlightened classes the work is still very unpopular.","box":{"x":162,"y":1209,"width":878,"height":36}},{"text":"Some of them simply tolerate it; others strongly object to the","box":{"x":123,"y":1236,"width":918,"height":36}},{"text":"religious instruction. It is in greater favour in large cities than in","box":{"x":122,"y":1264,"width":921,"height":35}},{"text":"small towns. In the latter it is sometimes exceedingly difficult to","box":{"x":120,"y":1293,"width":919,"height":35}},{"text":"find entrance into a single real zenana.","box":{"x":122,"y":1320,"width":530,"height":31}},{"text":"What has been the result of zenana work? We have not much","box":{"x":165,"y":1378,"width":873,"height":31}},{"text":"to record under this head, yet enough to afford matter for thankful-","box":{"x":122,"y":1407,"width":917,"height":32}},{"text":"ness and encouragement. The work is still in an initiatory stage.","box":{"x":120,"y":1436,"width":918,"height":34}},{"text":"It has been fairly started. The doors of the once jealously guarded","box":{"x":120,"y":1461,"width":919,"height":36}},{"text":"apartments have been thrown open to Christian teachers. The","box":{"x":119,"y":1490,"width":917,"height":34}},{"text":"women and girls have put themselves under instruction and are","box":{"x":116,"y":1518,"width":921,"height":34}}]}}}