{"pages":{"351":{"imagePath":"H:\\web_projects\\corpus-web\\electron-app\\data\\5e07978430078cb56ea89a104e5a0c0e50b3aa1618e48c486c8af005ae015143\\raw\\pages\\00375-c60dbac3bb90ed735ec2.webp","width":1170,"height":1680,"segments":[{"text":"SOURCE MATERIALS","box":{"x":473,"y":146,"width":248,"height":18}},{"text":"351","box":{"x":1001,"y":143,"width":50,"height":21}},{"text":"7. God wills unity. Jesus Christ prayed for unity. The","box":{"x":213,"y":196,"width":838,"height":31}},{"text":"Holy Spirit urges us to unity. The Conference, therefore, con-","box":{"x":133,"y":222,"width":918,"height":32}},{"text":"cludes these resolutions by calling once more upon all Churches","box":{"x":137,"y":250,"width":912,"height":32}},{"text":"that constant prayer be made for the consummation of His purpose","box":{"x":139,"y":276,"width":912,"height":36}},{"text":"in and through all negotiations for Church Union in India.","box":{"x":139,"y":306,"width":829,"height":31}},{"text":"172. S. K. DUTTA'S PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS","box":{"x":223,"y":414,"width":743,"height":22}},{"text":"TO THE ALL-INDIA CONFERENCE OF INDIAN","box":{"x":224,"y":447,"width":743,"height":24}},{"text":"CHRISTIANS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO","box":{"x":221,"y":479,"width":745,"height":24}},{"text":"COMMUNAL ELECTORATES (1932-33 A.D.)","box":{"x":259,"y":512,"width":673,"height":29}},{"text":"S. K. Dutta was a prominent Indian Christian nationalist.","box":{"x":214,"y":564,"width":728,"height":27}},{"text":"In","box":{"x":975,"y":564,"width":28,"height":25}},{"text":"his Presidential Address to the eighteenth session of the A.I.C.I.C.","box":{"x":185,"y":591,"width":816,"height":25}},{"text":"at Nagpur, he reviews current constitutional developments in the","box":{"x":182,"y":613,"width":820,"height":29}},{"text":"country and opposes the Government policy of dividing constituencies","box":{"x":185,"y":639,"width":819,"height":27}},{"text":"on a communal basis. His arguments had considerable influence upon","box":{"x":186,"y":665,"width":815,"height":27}},{"text":"Indian Christian thinking on this subject. Report of the XVIII Annual","box":{"x":183,"y":690,"width":822,"height":25}},{"text":"Session of the All-India Conference of Indian Christians, Nagpur, 31st","box":{"x":183,"y":714,"width":819,"height":28}},{"text":"Dec. 1932 & 1st January, 1933, pp. 7-13.","box":{"x":182,"y":741,"width":479,"height":25}},{"text":"A decade has gone by since the last occasion when I had the","box":{"x":175,"y":792,"width":875,"height":32}},{"text":"privilege of addressing you in my capacity as President of the","box":{"x":133,"y":819,"width":919,"height":32}},{"text":"All-India Conference of Indian Christians. At Lucknow, in 1922,","box":{"x":129,"y":847,"width":924,"height":31}},{"text":"it was my lot to make a pronouncement on your behalf on matters","box":{"x":137,"y":876,"width":915,"height":31}},{"text":"that affected the interest of our community. Once again you have","box":{"x":134,"y":902,"width":918,"height":34}},{"text":"entrusted me with this responsibility, and I would at the very outset","box":{"x":136,"y":931,"width":917,"height":32}},{"text":"express to my constitutents throughout India my thanks for the","box":{"x":133,"y":959,"width":919,"height":32}},{"text":"great honour they have done me in inviting me to be their President.","box":{"x":133,"y":985,"width":918,"height":31}},{"text":"Your election of me to this office gives me at this time particular","box":{"x":130,"y":1013,"width":924,"height":34}},{"text":"gratification, for I accept it as an endorsement by the community","box":{"x":134,"y":1042,"width":919,"height":32}},{"text":"of the representation I exercised on their behalf at the second","box":{"x":136,"y":1069,"width":917,"height":31}},{"text":"session of the Round Table Conference.","box":{"x":139,"y":1097,"width":546,"height":27}},{"text":"Ten years is a long span in the history of India. For these","box":{"x":182,"y":1148,"width":872,"height":32}},{"text":"years have been filled with our strivings and demands, with objec-","box":{"x":137,"y":1174,"width":915,"height":32}},{"text":"tives, some of which have been attained, and others have receded.","box":{"x":136,"y":1204,"width":917,"height":29}},{"text":"There has been victory and defeat, success and failure. But all","box":{"x":134,"y":1230,"width":919,"height":31}},{"text":"through these years, as we now reflect upon them, there are signs","box":{"x":140,"y":1259,"width":914,"height":38}},{"text":"that our people have at last awakened to the importance of the","box":{"x":139,"y":1284,"width":915,"height":35}},{"text":"issues which to-day are in the progress of settlement.","box":{"x":140,"y":1314,"width":729,"height":31}},{"text":"In order to be concrete and definite, I shall attempt to address","box":{"x":185,"y":1362,"width":868,"height":31}},{"text":"this gathering on certain aspects of our problems which affect","box":{"x":140,"y":1391,"width":915,"height":32}},{"text":"us as a community. I shall speak first of our relationship with the","box":{"x":137,"y":1418,"width":917,"height":34}},{"text":"Government; second, our relationship with other communities;","box":{"x":133,"y":1445,"width":921,"height":35}},{"text":"third, our relationship with the Catholics; and fourth our relation-","box":{"x":137,"y":1472,"width":915,"height":34}},{"text":"ship with ourselves.","box":{"x":136,"y":1504,"width":266,"height":28}}]},"352":{"imagePath":"H:\\web_projects\\corpus-web\\electron-app\\data\\5e07978430078cb56ea89a104e5a0c0e50b3aa1618e48c486c8af005ae015143\\raw\\pages\\00376-1246500ecd145f8a1a3a.webp","width":1170,"height":1680,"segments":[{"text":"352","box":{"x":129,"y":130,"width":52,"height":17}},{"text":"HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA","box":{"x":348,"y":133,"width":479,"height":18}},{"text":"1. Our Relationship with the Government","box":{"x":299,"y":210,"width":567,"height":31}},{"text":"The country for the space of some years has now embarked on","box":{"x":171,"y":266,"width":872,"height":29}},{"text":"the intriguing problem of drafting a political constitution for India.","box":{"x":125,"y":291,"width":918,"height":32}},{"text":"In this effort our community too has taken some little share and the","box":{"x":126,"y":322,"width":915,"height":31}},{"text":"Government, at any rate, at certain stages, has been willing to","box":{"x":122,"y":350,"width":919,"height":29}},{"text":"consult us either directly or through our organisations, or through","box":{"x":125,"y":378,"width":919,"height":31}},{"text":"individuals. At times it has definitely asked for our representation","box":{"x":125,"y":405,"width":915,"height":32}},{"text":"on certain important matters. Thus our organisation gave evi-","box":{"x":122,"y":434,"width":921,"height":29}},{"text":"dence before the Simon Commission. Subsequently some of","box":{"x":119,"y":462,"width":925,"height":32}},{"text":"our leaders definitely presented Memoranda to the Franchise","box":{"x":125,"y":490,"width":917,"height":29}},{"text":"Committee.","box":{"x":120,"y":519,"width":161,"height":22}},{"text":"At the time of the first Round Table Conference, Mr. K. T. Paul,","box":{"x":164,"y":573,"width":876,"height":29}},{"text":"who had held office in our organisation, was nominated to represent","box":{"x":118,"y":601,"width":922,"height":31}},{"text":"our community. After his lamented death I was thus nominated","box":{"x":120,"y":629,"width":922,"height":28}},{"text":"and represented the Indian Christian Association at the second","box":{"x":120,"y":655,"width":919,"height":29}},{"text":"Round Table Conference. Subsequently His Majesty's Govern-","box":{"x":118,"y":683,"width":921,"height":32}},{"text":"ment, in consultation with the Government of India, after the","box":{"x":118,"y":713,"width":922,"height":32}},{"text":"close of the second Round Table Conference appointed a Contin-","box":{"x":118,"y":738,"width":921,"height":32}},{"text":"uation Committee as well as a Franchise Committee. The official","box":{"x":118,"y":767,"width":921,"height":27}},{"text":"designation of the former was the Consultative Committee. Now","box":{"x":118,"y":797,"width":919,"height":29}},{"text":"on both these committees our community was left unrepresented,","box":{"x":118,"y":825,"width":921,"height":31}},{"text":"though every other community with the exception of the Anglo-","box":{"x":118,"y":852,"width":919,"height":31}},{"text":"Indian (a community of not more than two hundred thousand souls)","box":{"x":116,"y":879,"width":919,"height":32}},{"text":"were actually represented. Whether this omission was inten-","box":{"x":115,"y":907,"width":924,"height":31}},{"text":"tional or whether the Government felt that no good purpose would","box":{"x":115,"y":935,"width":922,"height":32}},{"text":"be served by the inclusion of representatives of the Indian Chris-","box":{"x":116,"y":962,"width":921,"height":31}},{"text":"tian community, ty, I think that, in view of this omission, we are","box":{"x":112,"y":991,"width":925,"height":35}},{"text":"justified in our attitude as regards the conclusions of these Commit-","box":{"x":113,"y":1018,"width":919,"height":31}},{"text":"tees, that we are not bound to accept their recommendations.","box":{"x":115,"y":1047,"width":921,"height":31}},{"text":"The Consultative Committee for example recommended that His","box":{"x":113,"y":1074,"width":919,"height":31}},{"text":"Majesty's Government should undertake the responsibility for a","box":{"x":111,"y":1102,"width":926,"height":34}},{"text":"communal settlement. We were not a party to that request, and I","box":{"x":111,"y":1128,"width":925,"height":35}},{"text":"would like to say immediately that we repudiate the Prime","box":{"x":112,"y":1159,"width":924,"height":29}},{"text":"Minister's Award as far as it applies to Indian Christians, for com-","box":{"x":111,"y":1186,"width":924,"height":31}},{"text":"munally speaking, our interests have been sacrificed to placate other","box":{"x":109,"y":1214,"width":924,"height":34}},{"text":"communities. Take for example the most glaring instance of the","box":{"x":109,"y":1242,"width":924,"height":32}},{"text":"position of the Christian community in the Madras Presidency","box":{"x":109,"y":1271,"width":924,"height":32}},{"text":"under the terms of the Award. Under the Montague Reforms,","box":{"x":108,"y":1298,"width":928,"height":35}},{"text":"the Christians of the Madras Presidency received five seats in the","box":{"x":111,"y":1329,"width":922,"height":28}},{"text":"Madras Legislature, whereas the Moslems had 13 seats accorded","box":{"x":108,"y":1357,"width":925,"height":29}},{"text":"to them. This proportion had some relationship to the compara-","box":{"x":112,"y":1385,"width":921,"height":32}},{"text":"tive population figures of the Muslim and Christian communities,","box":{"x":108,"y":1413,"width":922,"height":32}},{"text":"but under the Prime Minister's Award, however, the Madras","box":{"x":106,"y":1442,"width":924,"height":31}},{"text":"Christians will receive 9 seats, and the Muslims 29 seats. While","box":{"x":109,"y":1469,"width":922,"height":29}},{"text":"we have no right whatsoever to disturb the extraordinary weightage","box":{"x":106,"y":1498,"width":924,"height":32}}]},"353":{"imagePath":"H:\\web_projects\\corpus-web\\electron-app\\data\\5e07978430078cb56ea89a104e5a0c0e50b3aa1618e48c486c8af005ae015143\\raw\\pages\\00377-b55a4d6f408048678020.webp","width":1170,"height":1680,"segments":[{"text":"SOURCE MATERIALS","box":{"x":444,"y":146,"width":252,"height":20}},{"text":"353","box":{"x":973,"y":141,"width":60,"height":22}},{"text":"given to the Muslim community, yet we cannot allow to pass with-","box":{"x":108,"y":194,"width":921,"height":34}},{"text":"out protest the subordinate position as a minority to which our","box":{"x":111,"y":222,"width":918,"height":34}},{"text":"community is now relegated. But But our position is still worse when","box":{"x":112,"y":249,"width":917,"height":36}},{"text":"it comes to the claims of the Anglo-Indian Indian and European com-","box":{"x":112,"y":274,"width":917,"height":35}},{"text":"munities. In the Central Provinces, the 4,000 Europeans and the","box":{"x":106,"y":306,"width":922,"height":32}},{"text":"6,000 Anglo-Indians receive at least one seat. The claims of","box":{"x":106,"y":334,"width":926,"height":29}},{"text":"45,000 Indian Christians are dismissed in a few words, i.e., that the","box":{"x":105,"y":360,"width":924,"height":32}},{"text":"community is a scattered one, and it is difficult therefore to form it","box":{"x":108,"y":389,"width":921,"height":32}},{"text":"into a constituency.","box":{"x":115,"y":420,"width":263,"height":28}},{"text":"The Third Session of the Round Table Conference was marked","box":{"x":155,"y":471,"width":871,"height":28}},{"text":"by the complete elimination of all Indian Christian representatives","box":{"x":108,"y":500,"width":918,"height":31}},{"text":"though it included the redoubtable representative of so minor a","box":{"x":112,"y":528,"width":918,"height":31}},{"text":"community as the Anglo-Indian. Here I tread on ground which","box":{"x":112,"y":555,"width":915,"height":35}},{"text":"is naturally very delicate. A certain section of the press is always","box":{"x":113,"y":583,"width":915,"height":32}},{"text":"ready to attribute base motives to Indians in public life with whom","box":{"x":113,"y":611,"width":915,"height":34}},{"text":"they happen politically to disagree; such organs will readily say","box":{"x":111,"y":639,"width":921,"height":36}},{"text":"that we are soured by our experience just because we were not","box":{"x":112,"y":668,"width":918,"height":31}},{"text":"included in the final delegation to the Round Table Conference.","box":{"x":113,"y":695,"width":918,"height":32}},{"text":"Whatever motives may be attributed, the fact remains that","box":{"x":108,"y":722,"width":924,"height":35}},{"text":"the claims of the Indian Christian community were completely","box":{"x":112,"y":748,"width":919,"height":34}},{"text":"overlooked by the Government. Even though as has been alleged","box":{"x":113,"y":778,"width":918,"height":32}},{"text":"în certain quarters that I was personally unrepresentative of the","box":{"x":113,"y":806,"width":917,"height":35}},{"text":"Indian Christian community, but what was there against my senior","box":{"x":113,"y":834,"width":919,"height":34}},{"text":"colleague, Rao Bahadur Pannirselvam, who has twice represented","box":{"x":113,"y":863,"width":919,"height":34}},{"text":"the majority section of the Indian Christian community and who","box":{"x":112,"y":891,"width":919,"height":34}},{"text":"was a signatory to the Minorities Pact in such good and unquestion-","box":{"x":111,"y":920,"width":921,"height":34}},{"text":"able company as His Highness the Aga Khan, Col. Sir Henry","box":{"x":112,"y":947,"width":921,"height":35}},{"text":"Gidney, Dr. Ambedkar and Sir Hubert Carr. Why was the Rao","box":{"x":109,"y":976,"width":924,"height":31}},{"text":"Bahadur's name omitted from such an unimpeachable list? All","box":{"x":111,"y":1002,"width":926,"height":34}},{"text":"the others found their way to the third and we hope the last Round","box":{"x":113,"y":1029,"width":921,"height":35}},{"text":"Table Conference, but his name was omitted.","box":{"x":112,"y":1061,"width":623,"height":32}},{"text":"That the Indian Christian community and only that community","box":{"x":160,"y":1112,"width":876,"height":34}},{"text":"was singled out for omission from representation at the Round","box":{"x":113,"y":1142,"width":924,"height":34}},{"text":"Table Conference has proved a disillusioning experience to those","box":{"x":112,"y":1169,"width":926,"height":35}},{"text":"of our number who have looked to the present Government for","box":{"x":116,"y":1198,"width":919,"height":32}},{"text":"the protection of its interests.","box":{"x":116,"y":1230,"width":406,"height":29}},{"text":"Some members of our community, and they are not unsub-","box":{"x":161,"y":1281,"width":876,"height":35}},{"text":"stantial in number, have demanded separate electorates as a device","box":{"x":113,"y":1311,"width":925,"height":31}},{"text":"for protection. Their deputation have awaited from time to time","box":{"x":118,"y":1338,"width":921,"height":34}},{"text":"on Governors asking for the recognition of their claims. In these","box":{"x":116,"y":1363,"width":924,"height":35}},{"text":"efforts a certain amount of quite natural self-advertisement is","box":{"x":113,"y":1393,"width":928,"height":34}},{"text":"discernible, but on the other hand we have not shown any capacity","box":{"x":113,"y":1422,"width":928,"height":35}},{"text":"to demand effectively that our rights are recognized. Jobs and","box":{"x":116,"y":1450,"width":925,"height":32}},{"text":"seats have been the tunes we have played, but neither the Govern-","box":{"x":116,"y":1477,"width":924,"height":34}},{"text":"ment nor other communities have danced to our tunes. It is","box":{"x":115,"y":1508,"width":928,"height":29}},{"text":"H.C.IL.-23","box":{"x":210,"y":1551,"width":122,"height":24}}]},"354":{"imagePath":"H:\\web_projects\\corpus-web\\electron-app\\data\\5e07978430078cb56ea89a104e5a0c0e50b3aa1618e48c486c8af005ae015143\\raw\\pages\\00378-33957dcfa5ba74f01dcd.webp","width":1170,"height":1680,"segments":[{"text":"354","box":{"x":127,"y":147,"width":60,"height":18}},{"text":"HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA","box":{"x":357,"y":153,"width":481,"height":18}},{"text":"humiliating to realise that our efforts have been more or less in","box":{"x":129,"y":199,"width":924,"height":31}},{"text":"vain and will continue to be in vain unless we show our capacity","box":{"x":127,"y":228,"width":922,"height":32}},{"text":"to assert ourselves. The device of separate electorates without","box":{"x":132,"y":256,"width":918,"height":29}},{"text":"some force at the command of the community is of no use whatso-","box":{"x":132,"y":284,"width":921,"height":31}},{"text":"ever in obtaining for us either protection or the satisfaction of our","box":{"x":130,"y":312,"width":921,"height":31}},{"text":"claims.","box":{"x":129,"y":340,"width":101,"height":22}},{"text":"2. Our Relationship with other Communities","box":{"x":267,"y":413,"width":640,"height":28}},{"text":"During the year very substantial advances have been made","box":{"x":171,"y":462,"width":878,"height":32}},{"text":"towards an understanding with other communities, but in this.","box":{"x":129,"y":490,"width":918,"height":29}},{"text":"connection it will be necessary to use plain words, to indicate the","box":{"x":127,"y":518,"width":919,"height":31}},{"text":"concrete objectives to which your leaders have applied themselves..","box":{"x":126,"y":546,"width":925,"height":32}},{"text":"First, so far as the electors from the Hindu community, who now","box":{"x":125,"y":574,"width":922,"height":31}},{"text":"will be veiled under the term of the General Constituency, is con--","box":{"x":123,"y":602,"width":931,"height":29}},{"text":"cerned, we have been asked to throw in our lot with them. We","box":{"x":127,"y":630,"width":919,"height":27}},{"text":"would, in other words, become a portion of the Hindu Constituency..","box":{"x":123,"y":657,"width":929,"height":32}},{"text":"Naturally a proposal such as this which alienates our community","box":{"x":122,"y":683,"width":925,"height":32}},{"text":"from the Muslim community in the Punjab and in Bengal must","box":{"x":126,"y":711,"width":921,"height":31}},{"text":"give us a certain amount of trepidation. The General Constituen-","box":{"x":126,"y":739,"width":922,"height":29}},{"text":"cies in these Provinces, from which the Muslims and the Sikhs have","box":{"x":126,"y":767,"width":919,"height":28}},{"text":"been withdrawn, might exhibit the very communal tendency of a","box":{"x":126,"y":794,"width":924,"height":31}},{"text":"minority community. We could not expect anything otherwise.","box":{"x":125,"y":823,"width":919,"height":31}},{"text":"Whatever protestations to the contrary may be made we can rest","box":{"x":120,"y":850,"width":924,"height":31}},{"text":"assured that in such a constituency the Christian candidate and voter","box":{"x":126,"y":878,"width":918,"height":29}},{"text":"will have little chance, for the simple reason that it will be","box":{"x":122,"y":906,"width":925,"height":29}},{"text":"impossible for him to become a Hindu communalist. Our position","box":{"x":127,"y":934,"width":915,"height":31}},{"text":"from time to time has been made perfectly clear. We do not ask","box":{"x":123,"y":961,"width":917,"height":29}},{"text":"for separation, but we do consider it necessary before we merge","box":{"x":125,"y":989,"width":917,"height":32}},{"text":"our identity into a larger group, that that group will be representa-","box":{"x":122,"y":1017,"width":924,"height":31}},{"text":"tive of all Indian communities.","box":{"x":123,"y":1044,"width":427,"height":24}},{"text":"We have in our midst very substantial groups of Indian Christians","box":{"x":165,"y":1093,"width":875,"height":29}},{"text":"who have not yet been diverted from the lure of the pursuit of the","box":{"x":118,"y":1121,"width":922,"height":29}},{"text":"separate electorates. These groups are vocal, and indeed some--","box":{"x":123,"y":1148,"width":925,"height":31}},{"text":"times, their importance has been exaggerated by the British press","box":{"x":122,"y":1175,"width":915,"height":32}},{"text":"in this country. But yet most of us will admit that it was quite:","box":{"x":122,"y":1204,"width":921,"height":31}},{"text":"possible by agitation and suggestion to get large masses of Indian","box":{"x":119,"y":1231,"width":919,"height":31}},{"text":"Christians to declare their allegiance to the principle of the separate","box":{"x":120,"y":1260,"width":918,"height":34}},{"text":"electorate for the argument is based on what seems to be self-","box":{"x":120,"y":1283,"width":919,"height":32}},{"text":"interest. But on the other hand an increasing number of Indian","box":{"x":123,"y":1315,"width":915,"height":31}},{"text":"Christians recognize the impossibility of erecting a National State","box":{"x":118,"y":1342,"width":924,"height":34}},{"text":"on the basis of the separate electorates, which in essence must","box":{"x":119,"y":1371,"width":921,"height":29}},{"text":"result in weakening India Indian unity generally.","box":{"x":120,"y":1396,"width":582,"height":34}},{"text":"Readers of European history will remember the great struggle","box":{"x":160,"y":1449,"width":880,"height":31}},{"text":"which took place between the people on the one hand and the","box":{"x":111,"y":1476,"width":926,"height":31}},{"text":"Crown on the other with regard to the composition at the time of","box":{"x":109,"y":1505,"width":929,"height":32}}]},"355":{"imagePath":"H:\\web_projects\\corpus-web\\electron-app\\data\\5e07978430078cb56ea89a104e5a0c0e50b3aa1618e48c486c8af005ae015143\\raw\\pages\\00379-053d3f50db55c0b3a3c8.webp","width":1170,"height":1680,"segments":[{"text":"SOURCE MATERIALS","box":{"x":462,"y":167,"width":252,"height":17}},{"text":"355","box":{"x":998,"y":168,"width":60,"height":18}},{"text":"the French Revolution of the State's General Assembly. The","box":{"x":129,"y":213,"width":924,"height":34}},{"text":"Crown insisted that the Nobility, the Clergy, and the Third Estate","box":{"x":125,"y":241,"width":929,"height":32}},{"text":"should be members of separate chambers, which would vote and","box":{"x":127,"y":269,"width":924,"height":31}},{"text":"deliberate separately, thus nullifying the influence of a larger","box":{"x":125,"y":296,"width":928,"height":35}},{"text":"nationality. In other words it was open to each of these groups to","box":{"x":126,"y":325,"width":925,"height":34}},{"text":"hold up progress or to work for their own selfish ends. The third","box":{"x":123,"y":353,"width":929,"height":32}},{"text":"Estates fought the battle for unity for it realised that in this separa-","box":{"x":123,"y":381,"width":928,"height":34}},{"text":"tist arrangement, the Crown would play off one class group against","box":{"x":123,"y":409,"width":926,"height":34}},{"text":"the other.","box":{"x":123,"y":437,"width":140,"height":24}},{"text":"When your Council received an invitation to be represented","box":{"x":165,"y":491,"width":889,"height":35}},{"text":"at the Unity Conference the invitation was accepted for it was","box":{"x":123,"y":518,"width":928,"height":35}},{"text":"clear to them that the only basis on which the communities could be","box":{"x":123,"y":547,"width":928,"height":32}},{"text":"brought together would be by acceptance of the joint electorate","box":{"x":120,"y":575,"width":931,"height":32}},{"text":"with reserved seats. Thus the two divergent points of view of the","box":{"x":119,"y":603,"width":931,"height":34}},{"text":"Separatist and the Unity Groups could be harmonised. Indeed,","box":{"x":123,"y":631,"width":925,"height":39}},{"text":"our presence at the Unity Conference was in direct line with the","box":{"x":123,"y":660,"width":926,"height":32}},{"text":"whole process of our development since 1922, when I had the","box":{"x":118,"y":687,"width":931,"height":32}},{"text":"honour of presiding over your deliberations at Lucknow. These","box":{"x":118,"y":715,"width":928,"height":32}},{"text":"succeeding ten years will have a significant place in the general","box":{"x":119,"y":743,"width":928,"height":36}},{"text":"history of our community. What then were the definite proposals","box":{"x":115,"y":767,"width":931,"height":41}},{"text":"that we put forward and the demands which we asked the other","box":{"x":120,"y":797,"width":928,"height":34}},{"text":"communities to recognize? In the first place we desired in some","box":{"x":118,"y":825,"width":928,"height":32}},{"text":"way to restore the balance which the Prime Minister's Award had","box":{"x":115,"y":853,"width":931,"height":31}},{"text":"overthrown or even overlooked. We asked that within joint","box":{"x":116,"y":882,"width":929,"height":34}},{"text":"electorates reservation should be made in the Madras Presidency","box":{"x":116,"y":911,"width":931,"height":35}},{"text":"of at least 12 seats for Indian Christians, as against 9 seats under","box":{"x":118,"y":939,"width":928,"height":34}},{"text":"the Prime Minister's Award. We also asked that a seat should be","box":{"x":116,"y":967,"width":926,"height":31}},{"text":"reserved in the Central Provinces for Indian Christians. In the","box":{"x":119,"y":995,"width":925,"height":29}},{"text":"Punjab we asked for and ultimately our claim for a third seat was","box":{"x":113,"y":1023,"width":929,"height":34}},{"text":"recognized. The second set of objectives was to ensure that our com-","box":{"x":118,"y":1051,"width":924,"height":32}},{"text":"munity was safeguarded against the claims of other minorities which,","box":{"x":112,"y":1079,"width":932,"height":34}},{"text":"if acceded to, would have meant that we would have been disquali-","box":{"x":116,"y":1107,"width":928,"height":32}},{"text":"fied permanently in certain directions. The Sikhs of the Punjab","box":{"x":115,"y":1135,"width":926,"height":32}},{"text":"have insisted that they should be adequately represented in the","box":{"x":113,"y":1162,"width":928,"height":34}},{"text":"Central Legislature. The Moslems have already asked for 33% of","box":{"x":112,"y":1191,"width":933,"height":34}},{"text":"seats, and their claim for 32½ per cent was conceded by the Unity","box":{"x":112,"y":1218,"width":929,"height":35}},{"text":"Conference on condition that they accepted joint electorates with","box":{"x":106,"y":1244,"width":932,"height":35}},{"text":"reservation of seats. The Sikhs have demanded that in a house","box":{"x":112,"y":1274,"width":926,"height":31}},{"text":"of 300, 4 per cent of the seats should be reserved for them, but no","box":{"x":112,"y":1303,"width":925,"height":32}},{"text":"provision had yet been made for Indian Christians. We have now","box":{"x":106,"y":1327,"width":932,"height":34}},{"text":"asked for the reservation of 12 seats in the Central Legislature, and","box":{"x":111,"y":1359,"width":928,"height":35}},{"text":"our claim has been recorded.","box":{"x":111,"y":1386,"width":402,"height":27}},{"text":"We have also felt that we must pursue our task still further. At","box":{"x":152,"y":1443,"width":884,"height":31}},{"text":"the Unity Conference we stated that as the Sikhs in the Punjab had","box":{"x":108,"y":1471,"width":928,"height":32}},{"text":"claimed that their community should be represented in the Cabinet,","box":{"x":105,"y":1498,"width":938,"height":36}},{"text":"so in Madras a similar claim on behalf of Indian Christians was","box":{"x":109,"y":1525,"width":926,"height":31}}]},"356":{"imagePath":"H:\\web_projects\\corpus-web\\electron-app\\data\\5e07978430078cb56ea89a104e5a0c0e50b3aa1618e48c486c8af005ae015143\\raw\\pages\\00380-0635d4e885d26f3e269b.webp","width":1170,"height":1680,"segments":[{"text":"356","box":{"x":120,"y":150,"width":59,"height":18}},{"text":"HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA","box":{"x":346,"y":148,"width":479,"height":21}},{"text":"recorded. In the Central Government we shall be compelled to","box":{"x":125,"y":197,"width":915,"height":31}},{"text":"follow the example of the Sikhs and the Moslems to demand repre-","box":{"x":123,"y":225,"width":918,"height":31}},{"text":"sentation in the Federal Cabinet. In making these demands, we","box":{"x":122,"y":253,"width":919,"height":32}},{"text":"realise fully that by pursuing these claims Unity will be difficult to","box":{"x":125,"y":279,"width":917,"height":35}},{"text":"achieve. Furthermore, the recognition of all these claims is bound","box":{"x":123,"y":307,"width":919,"height":35}},{"text":"to change the whole nature of our future Constitution. For","box":{"x":123,"y":335,"width":918,"height":34}},{"text":"example the country may be compelled, if the Minorities insist on","box":{"x":120,"y":365,"width":922,"height":39}},{"text":"their alleged rights, to change the Cabinet into an extra Parlia-","box":{"x":122,"y":391,"width":921,"height":36}},{"text":"mentary body, very generally responsible to the Legislature but not","box":{"x":119,"y":420,"width":926,"height":35}},{"text":"in detail. Further it would have to be appointed for a term of","box":{"x":126,"y":447,"width":922,"height":34}},{"text":"years, and could consult the communalised legislature only from","box":{"x":123,"y":476,"width":919,"height":35}},{"text":"time to time which would exercise some further control over","box":{"x":125,"y":503,"width":918,"height":31}},{"text":"the Budget and Legislation. You will then have a Cabinet not","box":{"x":125,"y":534,"width":918,"height":32}},{"text":"after the British System, but rather like the American executive,","box":{"x":126,"y":560,"width":918,"height":32}},{"text":"without the periodical appeal to the nation at large.","box":{"x":122,"y":590,"width":707,"height":32}},{"text":"We would announce once again to our countrymen that in the","box":{"x":168,"y":629,"width":876,"height":29}},{"text":"event of the abandonment of these devices of protection by the","box":{"x":120,"y":657,"width":926,"height":34}},{"text":"majority community and the largest minority community, we are","box":{"x":120,"y":684,"width":925,"height":35}},{"text":"willing to take our place as citizens of the country. We are willing","box":{"x":118,"y":713,"width":928,"height":32}},{"text":"to work for a common Electoral Roll, open to all citizens, we are","box":{"x":123,"y":741,"width":922,"height":32}},{"text":"willing to abandon all these makings of separate communities, for","box":{"x":122,"y":767,"width":924,"height":34}},{"text":"places of power and prestige. Indeed it is our interest to do so,","box":{"x":120,"y":794,"width":928,"height":35}},{"text":"for our ambitions are greater than the narrow limits of our com-","box":{"x":125,"y":822,"width":922,"height":34}},{"text":"munity. In the services for example, or in the Legislatures, we do","box":{"x":127,"y":850,"width":918,"height":36}},{"text":"not desire our community to be marked with these percentages.","box":{"x":127,"y":877,"width":919,"height":36}},{"text":"In a community such as ours, an open field is the best incentive,","box":{"x":130,"y":906,"width":917,"height":35}},{"text":"and in the long run will pay us best.","box":{"x":125,"y":937,"width":509,"height":32}},{"text":"In our enumeration of the communities, we have omitted, so far,","box":{"x":176,"y":974,"width":871,"height":32}},{"text":"mention of the Anglo-Indian and the European communities of","box":{"x":127,"y":1003,"width":924,"height":32}},{"text":"India. In one sense we are linked to them through the bonds of a","box":{"x":132,"y":1031,"width":918,"height":31}},{"text":"common religion far more than to the other communities; but","box":{"x":132,"y":1060,"width":918,"height":32}},{"text":"our vital connections with them are so flimsy that they may be","box":{"x":132,"y":1086,"width":918,"height":34}},{"text":"disregarded. The reasons are not far to seek, and they are inherent","box":{"x":130,"y":1116,"width":919,"height":34}},{"text":"in the character of the British race. In the French and the Dutch.","box":{"x":133,"y":1143,"width":926,"height":29}},{"text":"colonies, the attachment of the European foreigners to the indi-","box":{"x":132,"y":1169,"width":919,"height":32}},{"text":"genous people who profess the Christian faith is far closer than in","box":{"x":133,"y":1196,"width":918,"height":39}},{"text":"India. All Christians without distinction of race are usually","box":{"x":134,"y":1226,"width":917,"height":34}},{"text":"amalgamated into a general group, and placed under the same civil","box":{"x":133,"y":1254,"width":919,"height":34}},{"text":"and electoral laws. The Europeans and Anglo-Indians in India in","box":{"x":134,"y":1279,"width":919,"height":35}},{"text":"matter of legislature representation have done extraordinarily","box":{"x":132,"y":1308,"width":921,"height":36}},{"text":"well for themselves. We are surprised however that the pure","box":{"x":130,"y":1336,"width":924,"height":35}},{"text":"communalists on our side have not made larger demands on behalf","box":{"x":133,"y":1365,"width":922,"height":31}},{"text":"of the Indian Christian community. Rao Bahadur Pannirselvam","box":{"x":134,"y":1393,"width":917,"height":34}},{"text":"gave away the Indian Christian case when he became a signatory","box":{"x":133,"y":1420,"width":919,"height":38}},{"text":"to the Minorities Pact in London. He accepted the permanent","box":{"x":132,"y":1449,"width":921,"height":35}},{"text":"inferiority of the Indian Christians to the small but claimant groups","box":{"x":129,"y":1476,"width":924,"height":36}},{"text":"of the Europeans and Anglo-Indians in this country.","box":{"x":133,"y":1504,"width":718,"height":34}}]}}}