{
  "book_metadata": {
    "book_name": "History of Christianity in India: Source Materials",
    "book_author": "M. K. Kuriakose",
    "publisher": "Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge",
    "published_on": "2011"
  },
  "chunks": [
    {
      "chunk_index": 1,
      "chapter_name": "101. Proclamation on Slavery by Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal, Maharaja of Travancore",
      "page_numbers": [
        154
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00178-15582546cf08fe07247b.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Proclamation on Slavery",
      "chunk_data": "101. PROCLAMATION ON SLAVERY BY MARTHANDA VARMA UTTARAM THIRUNAL, MAHARAJA OF TRAVANCORE (1853 A.D.) In response to the efforts of missionaries and the British Resident the Maharaja of Travancore curtailed the practice of slavery in his realm through the following proclamation.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1853 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal",
          "British Resident",
          "Missionaries"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "The Maharaja of Travancore curtailed slavery in his realm in response to missionary and British efforts.",
        "tags": [
          "Slavery",
          "Religion",
          "Politics"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 2,
      "chapter_name": "101. Proclamation on Slavery by Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal, Maharaja of Travancore",
      "page_numbers": [
        154
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00178-15582546cf08fe07247b.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Source of the Proclamation",
      "chunk_data": "Cited in K. K. Kusuman, Slavery in Travancore, pp. 164-166. Translation taken from J. W. Gladstone, The Social Impact of the Protestant Missionary Work in South Travancore in the 19th Century', (Unpublished M.Th. Thesis,) U.T. College, 1975, Appendix III.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1975,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1975,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1975"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "K. K. Kusuman",
          "J. W. Gladstone"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore",
          "South Travancore",
          "U.T. College"
        ],
        "event": "The proclamation is cited and its translation is identified from a 1975 unpublished thesis.",
        "tags": [
          "Sources",
          "History"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 3,
      "chapter_name": "101. Proclamation on Slavery by Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal, Maharaja of Travancore",
      "page_numbers": [
        154
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00178-15582546cf08fe07247b.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Improving the Condition of Slaves",
      "chunk_data": "This is now hereby proclaimed after the consideration of the interest entertained for some time past, that the condition of slaves in our state shall be improved as far as possible without any loss or hardship to the Kudiyans of Government.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1853 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "The Maharaja proclaimed that the condition of slaves in Travancore should be improved without causing loss or hardship to government Kudiyans.",
        "tags": [
          "Slavery",
          "Law",
          "Politics"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 4,
      "chapter_name": "101. Proclamation on Slavery by Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal, Maharaja of Travancore",
      "page_numbers": [
        154
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00178-15582546cf08fe07247b.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Children of Pandaravaka Slaves",
      "chunk_data": "1. The Government abandon the right over the children born of the 'Pandaravaka Slaves' usually so-called from the date of the declaration on this proclamation.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1853 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "The Travancore Government abandoned its right over children born to the slaves known as Pandaravaka Slaves.",
        "tags": [
          "Slavery",
          "Law"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 5,
      "chapter_name": "101. Proclamation on Slavery by Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal, Maharaja of Travancore",
      "page_numbers": [
        154
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00178-15582546cf08fe07247b.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Caste Customs Remained",
      "chunk_data": "2. Though the right over the slaves is abandoned as stated above, the slaves as well as all others should clearly understand that there shall be no change in the customs and untouchability in force according to the respective caste etiquettes.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1853 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "The proclamation ended the government's right over slaves but preserved existing caste customs and untouchability.",
        "tags": [
          "Slavery",
          "Caste",
          "Law"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 6,
      "chapter_name": "101. Proclamation on Slavery by Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal, Maharaja of Travancore",
      "page_numbers": [
        154
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00178-15582546cf08fe07247b.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Ban on Slave Sales",
      "chunk_data": "3. Hereafter no slave shall be allowed to be sold either for the execution of the decisions or orders of the court for the collection of taxes or 'Pattoms'.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1853 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "The proclamation prohibited the sale of slaves for court orders, tax collection, or Pattoms.",
        "tags": [
          "Slavery",
          "Law",
          "Taxes"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 7,
      "chapter_name": "101. Proclamation on Slavery by Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal, Maharaja of Travancore",
      "page_numbers": [
        154
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00178-15582546cf08fe07247b.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Property Rights for Slaves",
      "chunk_data": "4. Slaves shall own and enjoy property just like any other people and they shall not be robbed of such property by any one regarding it as belonging to the slaves.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1853 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "The proclamation granted slaves the right to own and enjoy property and protected that property from seizure.",
        "tags": [
          "Slavery",
          "Property",
          "Law"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 8,
      "chapter_name": "101. Proclamation on Slavery by Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal, Maharaja of Travancore",
      "page_numbers": [
        154
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00178-15582546cf08fe07247b.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Punishment for Injustice",
      "chunk_data": "5. Those who act anything against the slaves in any unjust manner shall be punishable under regulation VI of 1010 M.E. (1835). All people shall conduct themselves in conformity with this regulation.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1853 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "The proclamation made unjust acts against slaves punishable under Regulation VI of 1010 M.E. (1835).",
        "tags": [
          "Slavery",
          "Law",
          "Justice"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 9,
      "chapter_name": "101. Proclamation on Slavery by Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal, Maharaja of Travancore",
      "page_numbers": [
        154
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00178-15582546cf08fe07247b.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Exemption of Escheated Slaves",
      "chunk_data": "6. Hereafter, if there be slaves attached to the properties without heirs and which are confiscated by Government because of escheat, such slaves shall be exempted from slavery without being added on as Government property.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1853 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "Slaves attached to heirless properties confiscated through escheat were to be freed rather than treated as government property.",
        "tags": [
          "Slavery",
          "Law",
          "Property"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 10,
      "chapter_name": "101. Proclamation on Slavery by Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal, Maharaja of Travancore",
      "page_numbers": [
        154
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00178-15582546cf08fe07247b.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Protection of Slave Families",
      "chunk_data": "7. Slaves shall not be separated without the consent of their parents and their children, and they shall not either be sold or entrusted to others living beyond twelve miles of their respective dwelling places.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1853 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Marthanda Varma Uttaram Thirunal"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "The proclamation protected slave families from separation, sale, or transfer beyond twelve miles from their homes without parental consent.",
        "tags": [
          "Slavery",
          "Family",
          "Law"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}