{ "book_metadata": { "book_name": "History of Christianity in India: Source Materials", "book_author": "M. K. Kuriakose", "publisher": "Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge", "published_on": "2011" }, "chunks": [ { "chunk_index": 1, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 21 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00045-aeebaa55860f99d7c202.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Document Dating and Source", "chunk_data": "This document is dated by Mingana as coming from the late fifteenth or early sixteenth centuries. He describes it as the swan song of the Nestorian Church. It contains an account of the arrival of the Portuguese and their struggle to maintain their position. Cited in A. Mingana, The Early Spread of Christianity in India, pp. 36-41.", "time": { "start_year": 1504, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1504, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1504 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "A. Mingana" ], "places": [ "India" ], "event": "Mingana dates and characterizes the Syriac document.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Sources", "History" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 2, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 21 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00045-aeebaa55860f99d7c202.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Indian Christians Seek Bishops", "chunk_data": "In the year one thousand and eight hundred and one of Alexander (1490 A.D.), three believing Christian men came from the remote countries of India to the Catholicos Mar Simeon, Patriarch of the East, in order to bring bishops to the countries.", "time": { "start_year": 1490, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1490, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1490 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Mar Simeon" ], "places": [ "India", "East" ], "event": "Three Indian Christian men traveled to Mar Simeon to obtain bishops for India.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Church", "India" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 3, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 21 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00045-aeebaa55860f99d7c202.webp" ], "chunk_title": "George and Joseph Reach Gazarta", "chunk_data": "By the will of God, one of them died on the way, and two of them reached the Catholicos alive. The Catholicos, who was then in the town of Gazarta of Baith Zabdai, was greatly pleased with them. One of them was called George, and the other Joseph.", "time": { "start_year": 1490, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1490, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1490 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Mar Simeon", "George", "Joseph" ], "places": [ "Gazarta", "Baith Zabdai" ], "event": "George and Joseph reached the Catholicos at Gazarta after a third pilgrim died en route.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Travel", "Church" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 4, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 21 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00045-aeebaa55860f99d7c202.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Four Men Become Church Leaders", "chunk_data": "The Catholicos ordained both of them priests in the Holy Church of St. George at Gazarta, because they were well instructed, and sent them to the holy monastery of St. Eugenius. They took from there two monks, the name of both was Joseph, and the Catholicos ordained both of them bishops in the Church of St. George. He named one Thomas and the other John, and he wrote to them admirable letters patent sealed with his own seal.", "time": { "start_year": 1490, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1490, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1490 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Mar Simeon", "George", "Joseph", "Thomas", "John" ], "places": [ "Gazarta", "Monastery of St. Eugenius" ], "event": "Mar Simeon ordained George and Joseph as priests and two monks as bishops named Thomas and John.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Ordination", "Church" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 5, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 21 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00045-aeebaa55860f99d7c202.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Bishops Sent to India", "chunk_data": "After having prayed for them, and blessed them, he despatched them to India in the company of the Indians. By the assistance of Christ, our Lord, the four of them reached there alive.", "time": { "start_year": 1490, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1490, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1490 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Mar Simeon", "Thomas", "John", "George", "Joseph" ], "places": [ "India" ], "event": "Mar Simeon sent the four ordained men to India, where they arrived safely.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Mission", "India" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 6, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 21 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00045-aeebaa55860f99d7c202.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Indian Christians Welcome Bishops", "chunk_data": "The faithful were greatly pleased with them, went to meet them joyfully with Gospel, Cross, thurible and candles and ushered them in with great pomp, with psalms and canticles. They consecrated altars and ordained many priests, because the Indians were for a long time without bishops.", "time": { "start_year": 1490, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1490, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1490 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Thomas", "John", "George", "Joseph" ], "places": [ "India" ], "event": "Indian Christians welcomed the bishops, who consecrated altars and ordained many priests.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Church", "Ordination" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 7, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 21 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00045-aeebaa55860f99d7c202.webp" ], "chunk_title": "John Remains in India", "chunk_data": "Bishop John remained in India, and Bishop Thomas, his companion, returned after a short time to the Catholicos. He brought to him gifts, presents and a servant.", "time": { "start_year": 1490, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1490, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1490 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Bishop John", "Bishop Thomas", "Mar Simeon" ], "places": [ "India" ], "event": "Bishop John stayed in India while Bishop Thomas returned to Mar Simeon with gifts and a servant.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Church", "India" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 8, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 21 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00045-aeebaa55860f99d7c202.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Death of Mar Simeon", "chunk_data": "It happened, however, that before Bishop Thomas had returned to India, the Catholicos Simon had died, and left his worldly and perishable life for an immortal and imperishable one, in the year one thousand eight hundred and thirteen of the Greeks (1502 A.D.), and was buried in the monastery of St. Eugenius. May our Lord grant rest to his soul in the heavenly mansions! Amen.", "time": { "start_year": 1502, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1502, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1502 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Mar Simeon", "Bishop Thomas" ], "places": [ "Monastery of St. Eugenius" ], "event": "Catholicos Mar Simeon died and was buried at the monastery of St. Eugenius.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Church", "Death" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 9, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 21, 22 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00045-aeebaa55860f99d7c202.webp", "raw\\pages\\00046-9b9f09f3413e09b67d11.webp" ], "chunk_title": "New Bishops Ordained", "chunk_data": "He was succeeded by Mar Elijah, the Catholicos and Patriarch, who also took from the monastery of St. Eugenius three pious monks, one of whom, brother David Arrikha, he ordained Metropolitan and re-named Mar Yahb Alaha; the next one, called brother George, he ordained bishop, and renamed Mar Jacob. He ordained all of them in the monastery of St. John the Egyptian, the carnal brother of St. Ahha, which is situated in the vicinity of Gazarta of Baith Zabdai, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fourteen of the Greeks (1503 A.D.), and he sent them to the country of India, to the islands of the sea which are inside Java, and to China.", "time": { "start_year": 1503, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1503, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1503 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Mar Elijah", "David Arrikha", "Mar Yahb Alaha", "George", "Mar Jacob", "St. Ahha" ], "places": [ "Monastery of St. Eugenius", "Monastery of St. John the Egyptian", "Gazarta", "Baith Zabdai", "India", "Java", "China" ], "event": "Mar Elijah succeeded Mar Simeon, ordained three monks as church leaders, and sent them to India, Java, and China.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Ordination", "Mission" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 10, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 22 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00046-9b9f09f3413e09b67d11.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Arrival of the New Fathers", "chunk_data": "The four of them reached there in peace and safety, by the assistance of Christ, their Lord, and they saw Mar John, bishop of India, alive. The latter, and all the blessed believers who were there, were greatly pleased by the arrival of the Fathers.", "time": { "start_year": 1503, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1503, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1503 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Mar Yahb Alaha", "Mar Thomas", "Mar Jacob", "Dinha", "Mar John" ], "places": [ "India" ], "event": "The newly sent church leaders arrived safely in India and met the living Bishop Mar John.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Mission", "India" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 11, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 22 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00046-9b9f09f3413e09b67d11.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Letter from Indian Christians", "chunk_data": "A year after they sent a letter to Mar Elijah, the Catholicos, but before its arrival the Catholicos Mar Elijah died, and was buried in the Church of St. Miskanta of Mosul. He was succeeded by Mar Simon, the Catholicos and Patriarch. The letter which the above-mentioned Fathers sent from India was in the following terms:", "time": { "start_year": 1504, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1504, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1504 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Mar Elijah", "Mar Simon", "Mar Yahb Alaha", "Mar Thomas", "Mar Jacob", "Dinha" ], "places": [ "India", "Church of St. Miskanta", "Mosul" ], "event": "The Fathers sent a letter from India to Mar Elijah, who died before receiving it; Mar Simon succeeded him.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Church", "Correspondence" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 12, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 22 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00046-9b9f09f3413e09b67d11.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Greeting to the New Patriarch", "chunk_data": "To the second Simon, to the Papa of our days, to the Timothy of our generation, to the Joshua the son of Nun of our time, and to the Isho'-Yahb of our day, to whom power has been given in heaven and earth to tend the flocks of Christ with the rod of Peter, which he has inherited by succession-Blessed is the people to whom this prerogative is due, and who has such a head and director!-Mar Elijah, the Catholicos the Patriarch of the East, the mother of the other parts of the world. May the Lord who raised him and helped him, strengthen him, exalt him, and render him victorious to the glory of Christendom and the uplifting of churches! Amen!", "time": { "start_year": 1504, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1504, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1504 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Mar Simon", "Isho'-Yahb", "Mar Elijah" ], "places": [ "East" ], "event": "The Indian Fathers addressed an honorific greeting and blessing to the newly installed Mar Simon.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Church", "Correspondence" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 13, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 22 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00046-9b9f09f3413e09b67d11.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Indian Christian Prosperity", "chunk_data": "Thy humble servants and weak disciples, the contemptible and the lowly, Mar Yahb Alaha, Mar Thomas and Mar Jacob and Dinha the stranger, fall down before thy pure and holy feet, and crave thy answered and accepted prayers for the assistance of their wretchedness, and humbly cry aloud: Bless O Lord! bless O Lord! bless O Lord! May also Mar John, the Metropolitan of Atail, the temple of God and the treasurer of his service, the saint and head of the saints, and all the other holy Fathers, pious monks, pure priests, elect believers, and all Christians of your side, receive your greetings in the Lord!", "time": { "start_year": 1504, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1504, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1504 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Mar Yahb Alaha", "Mar Thomas", "Mar Jacob", "Dinha", "Mar John" ], "places": [ "Atail" ], "event": "The Indian Fathers presented themselves as humble servants and sent greetings to Mar Simon and the eastern Christians.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Church", "Correspondence" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 14, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 22, 23 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00046-9b9f09f3413e09b67d11.webp", "raw\\pages\\00047-cf3b94602c3f3d1fd247.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Thirty Thousand Christian Families", "chunk_data": "Now we would inform thy love that by the assistance of God, and through thy accepted prayers, we arrived in the blessed country of India in good health. Thanks be to God, the Lord of all who does not confound those who trust in him! All the Christians of this side were greatly pleased with us, and our Father Mar John is still alive and hale and sends thee his greetings. There are here about thirty thousand families of Christians, our co-religionists, and they implore the Lord to grant thee a long life. They have begun to build new churches, are prosperous in every respect, and living in peace and security: May God be praised!", "time": { "start_year": 1504, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1504, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1504 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Mar John", "Mar Simon", "Mar Yahb Alaha", "Mar Thomas", "Mar Jacob" ], "places": [ "India" ], "event": "The Fathers reported the safe arrival, prosperity, church building, and peaceful condition of approximately thirty thousand Christian families in India.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Church", "India" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 15, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 23 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00047-cf3b94602c3f3d1fd247.webp" ], "chunk_title": "The Monastery at Mylapore", "chunk_data": "As to the monastery of St. Thomas the Apostle, some Christian men have gone into it, have inhabited it, and are now busy restoring it; it is distant about twenty-five days from the above-mentioned Christians; it is on the shores of the sea in a town called Mylapore, in the country of Silan, one of the Indian countries.", "time": { "start_year": 1504, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1504, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1504 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "St. Thomas the Apostle" ], "places": [ "Monastery of St. Thomas the Apostle", "Mylapore", "Silan" ], "event": "Christian men inhabited and restored the monastery of St. Thomas the Apostle at Mylapore.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Monastery", "India" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 16, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 23 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00047-cf3b94602c3f3d1fd247.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Christian Towns of Malabar", "chunk_data": "The countries of India are very numerous and powerful, and their distance is about six months journey. Each country has a special name by which it is known, and our country in which the Christians are found is called Malabar. It has about twenty towns, out of which three are renowned and powerful: Karangol, Pallur and Kullam, with others that are near them. They contain Christians and churches, and are in the vicinity of the large and powerful city of Calicut, the inhabitants of which are idol-worshipping pagans.", "time": { "start_year": 1504, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1504, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1504 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [], "places": [ "India", "Malabar", "Karangol", "Pallur", "Kullam", "Calicut" ], "event": "The Fathers described Malabar, its Christian towns and churches, and the pagan city of Calicut.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Geography", "India" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 17, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 23 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00047-cf3b94602c3f3d1fd247.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Portuguese Ships Reach India", "chunk_data": "Let it be also known to you, O Fathers, that the king of the Christians of the West, who are the Franks our brethren, sent to this country powerful ships, and they were a whole year on the sea before they reached us. They came in a southerly direction on the other side of the country of Ethiopia, that is to say, Habash (Negroes), and they arrived at this country of India, where they bought pepper and other similar spices, and they returned to their country.", "time": { "start_year": 1498, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1498, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1498 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "King of Portugal" ], "places": [ "India", "Ethiopia", "Habash" ], "event": "Portuguese ships reached India by sailing around Ethiopia, bought pepper and spices, and returned west.", "tags": [ "Portugal", "Trade", "Exploration" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 18, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 23 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00047-cf3b94602c3f3d1fd247.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Portuguese Fleet Reaches Calicut", "chunk_data": "Then they studied the way and learned it well. Thereupon the above-mentioned king, may God preserve his life, sent six large ships which reached the town of Calicut in six months because they had studied and learned the sea route.", "time": { "start_year": 1500, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1500, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1500 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "King of Portugal" ], "places": [ "Calicut" ], "event": "After learning the sea route, the Portuguese king sent six ships to Calicut.", "tags": [ "Portugal", "Exploration", "Trade" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 19, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 23 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00047-cf3b94602c3f3d1fd247.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Calicut King Orders Massacre", "chunk_data": "Now in the town of Calicut there are many Mohammedans, whom envy has enraged and maddened against Christians. They accused them before the pagan king, uttered lies concerning them, and said: These men have come from the West, and seen thy country and thy beautiful towns; they will return to their king and they will bring numerous armies on ships against thee; they will besiege thee, and take thy country from thee.", "time": { "start_year": 1500, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1500, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1500 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "King of Calicut", "Mohammedan merchants" ], "places": [ "Calicut" ], "event": "Muslim merchants warned the pagan king of Calicut that the Portuguese intended to conquer his country.", "tags": [ "Politics", "Conflict", "Portugal" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 20, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 23 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00047-cf3b94602c3f3d1fd247.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Portuguese Massacre at Calicut", "chunk_data": "The pagan king listened to the words of the Mohammedans, and yielded to their wish. Like a mad man he rose and killed all the above-mentioned Franks who were in his town to the number of seventy men, with five pious priests who were with them, because they do not travel anywhere without priests.", "time": { "start_year": 1500, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1500, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1500 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "King of Calicut", "Portuguese merchants", "Portuguese priests" ], "places": [ "Calicut" ], "event": "The king of Calicut killed seventy Portuguese men and five priests in the city.", "tags": [ "Conflict", "Martyrdom", "Portugal" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 21, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 23, 24 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00047-cf3b94602c3f3d1fd247.webp", "raw\\pages\\00048-5d05719379e9d6bc93c2.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Portuguese Seek Refuge at Cochin", "chunk_data": "The remainder of the men who were on the ships went by sea with great grief and bitter weeping to the neighbourhood of our Christians, to a town called Cochin, which had also a pagan king. When he noticed that they were in great trouble and sorrowful pain, he summoned them to him, comforted them, and swore to them that he would not betray them even in order to save his own life. But when the impious king who had massacred their companions heard this, he was incensed and he mustered a great army, and went forth against them. The Franks and the king with whom they were escaped to a fort on the shores of the sea, where they remained a few days.", "time": { "start_year": 1500, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1500, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1500 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "King of Cochin", "King of Calicut", "Portuguese survivors" ], "places": [ "Cochin", "Calicut" ], "event": "Portuguese survivors fled to Cochin, whose king sheltered them; the king of Calicut then marched against them.", "tags": [ "Conflict", "Portugal", "Cochin" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 22, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 24 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00048-5d05719379e9d6bc93c2.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Portuguese Defeat Calicut Army", "chunk_data": "Then Christ had pity on them, and many ships arrived from the country of the Franks, who waged a severe war against the king of Calicut. They threw at him hard stones with ballistas, and killed many people from the camp of that wicked king; they made him run, and drove him away and his armies from the shores of the sea.", "time": { "start_year": 1501, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1501, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1501 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "King of Calicut", "Portuguese commanders" ], "places": [ "Calicut" ], "event": "A Portuguese fleet defeated and drove away the army of the king of Calicut.", "tags": [ "War", "Portugal", "Cochin" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 23, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 24 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00048-5d05719379e9d6bc93c2.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Portuguese Fortress at Cochin", "chunk_data": "Then the Franks came to the town of Koshi, and they built in it a great fortress, in which were placed three hundred warriors from them; some of them were stone throwers with machines, and some other archers. They put also in it about fifty large ballistas, and about a hundred others of a smaller size, and iron bows from which arrows are thrown.", "time": { "start_year": 1503, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1503, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1503 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Portuguese soldiers" ], "places": [ "Koshi", "Cochin" ], "event": "The Portuguese built a fortified base at Cochin and stationed three hundred warriors with artillery and archers.", "tags": [ "War", "Fortifications", "Portugal" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 24, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 24 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00048-5d05719379e9d6bc93c2.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Calicut Army Defeated Again", "chunk_data": "Then that king, their enemy whose memory deserves to perish, came back against them, and engaged them in battle, but they defeated him by the power of Christ, and killed about three thousand men from his army by stones from ballistas. He fled again and went back to his town of Calicut.", "time": { "start_year": 1503, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1503, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1503 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "King of Calicut", "Portuguese soldiers" ], "places": [ "Calicut" ], "event": "The Portuguese defeated the returning army of Calicut and killed approximately three thousand soldiers.", "tags": [ "War", "Battle", "Portugal" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 25, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 24 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00048-5d05719379e9d6bc93c2.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Portuguese Attack Calicut Ships", "chunk_data": "But the Franks pursued him on the sea which is near his town, and overtook him; they seized his ships and broke them, and killed in them about one hundred Mohammedans who were piloting them; they also destroyed the town with stones thrown at it from their ballistas.", "time": { "start_year": 1503, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1503, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1503 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "King of Calicut", "Mohammedan pilots", "Portuguese soldiers" ], "places": [ "Calicut" ], "event": "The Portuguese destroyed Calicut ships, killed approximately one hundred Muslim pilots, and bombarded the town.", "tags": [ "War", "Naval History", "Portugal" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 26, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 24 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00048-5d05719379e9d6bc93c2.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Portuguese Base at Cannanore", "chunk_data": "The General of these Franks came then to another town called Cannanore, situated in the country of Malabar, to another pagan king, and said to him: Give us a place in thy town, in which we can buy and sell when we come here year by year to do business. He gave them a place and a large house, and was greatly pleased with them.", "time": { "start_year": 1503, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1503, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1503 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Portuguese General", "King of Cannanore" ], "places": [ "Cannanore", "Malabar" ], "event": "The Portuguese General obtained a trading site and large house from the pagan king of Cannanore.", "tags": [ "Trade", "Portugal", "Diplomacy" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 27, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 24 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00048-5d05719379e9d6bc93c2.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Portuguese Trade in Pepper", "chunk_data": "The Christian General made him then gifts of cloth woven with gold, and garments of brocade, and bought pepper to the extent of fourteen thousand tagars (one tagar equals about two hundred kilograms), which he took with him to his country.", "time": { "start_year": 1503, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1503, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1503 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Portuguese General", "King of Cannanore" ], "places": [ "Cannanore", "Malabar" ], "event": "The Portuguese General exchanged luxury gifts for fourteen thousand tagars of pepper.", "tags": [ "Trade", "Portugal", "Spices" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 28, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 24 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00048-5d05719379e9d6bc93c2.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Syriac Christians Meet Portuguese", "chunk_data": "There were about twenty men from them in the town of Cannanore, when we arrived from the town of Omruz to the Indian town of Cannanore; we went to them and told them that we were Christians, and narrated to them our story. They were pleased with us, and gave us beautiful garments, with twenty drachmas of gold; for the sake of Christ they honoured in an extraordinary way our state of being strangers.", "time": { "start_year": 1504, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1504, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1504 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Mar Yahb Alaha", "Mar Thomas", "Mar Jacob", "Dinha", "Portuguese merchants" ], "places": [ "Omruz", "Cannanore" ], "event": "The Syriac Christian Fathers met Portuguese men at Cannanore, who welcomed and rewarded them.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Portugal", "Encounter" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 29, "chapter_name": "c.1504. A Syriac Document", "page_numbers": [ 24 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00048-5d05719379e9d6bc93c2.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Mass Celebrated at Cannanore", "chunk_data": "We remained with them two and a half months, and they ordered us one day to say mass. They have prepared for themselves a beautiful place, like a chapel, and their priests say their mass in it every day, as is their custom. On the Sunday, therefore, of Nusardail (the sixth Sunday after Trinity in the East Syrian Calendar), after their priest had finished his mass, we also went and said mass, at which", "time": { "start_year": 1504, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1504, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "c. 1504 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Mar Yahb Alaha", "Mar Thomas", "Mar Jacob", "Dinha", "Portuguese priests" ], "places": [ "Cannanore" ], "event": "The Syriac Fathers stayed with the Portuguese at Cannanore and celebrated Mass in their chapel on the Sunday of Nusardail.", "tags": [ "Christianity", "Liturgy", "Portugal" ] } } ] }