{ "book_metadata": { "book_name": "History of Christianity in India: Source Materials", "book_author": "M. K. Kuriakose", "publisher": "Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge", "published_on": "2011" }, "chunks": [ { "chunk_index": 1, "chapter_name": "162. The Indian Church Measure", "page_numbers": [ 333 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00357-6b76bdc7504ab4f46e1f.webp" ], "chunk_title": "The Indian Church Measure", "chunk_data": "162. THE INDIAN CHURCH MEASURE (1927 A.D.)", "time": { "start_year": 1927, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1927, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1927 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [], "places": [ "India", "England" ], "event": "The Indian Church Measure of 1927 is introduced.", "tags": [ "Church", "Politics", "Law" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 2, "chapter_name": "162. The Indian Church Measure", "page_numbers": [ 333 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00357-6b76bdc7504ab4f46e1f.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Legal Separation of Churches", "chunk_data": "Through the Indian Church Measure of 1927, the National Assembly of the Church of England severed the legal and jurisdictional connection between the Church of England and the (Anglican) Church in India. The independence thus granted the Indian Church of the Anglican communion had considerable influence upon Missions of other traditions working in India. Cited in C. J. Grimes, Towards an Indian Church, pp. 201-205.", "time": { "start_year": 1927, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1927, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1927 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "C. J. Grimes" ], "places": [ "India", "England" ], "event": "The National Assembly of the Church of England legally and jurisdictionally separates the Anglican Church in India from the Church of England.", "tags": [ "Church", "Law", "Independence" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 3, "chapter_name": "162. The Indian Church Measure", "page_numbers": [ 333 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00357-6b76bdc7504ab4f46e1f.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Purpose of the Measure", "chunk_data": "To provide for the dissolution of the legal union between the Church of England and the Church of England in India, and to make provisions consequential thereon.", "time": { "start_year": 1927, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1927, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1927 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [], "places": [ "India", "England" ], "event": "The Measure states its purpose of dissolving the legal union between the two churches.", "tags": [ "Church", "Law" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 4, "chapter_name": "162. The Indian Church Measure", "page_numbers": [ 333, 334 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00357-6b76bdc7504ab4f46e1f.webp", "raw\\pages\\00358-9956acad2f36b34e9576.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Approval of the Dissolution", "chunk_data": "Whereas it is expedient that the legal union between the Church of England and the Church of England in India shall be dissolved, and that provision should at the same time be made for the last-mentioned Church as proposed to be constituted after the dissolution of the said union:\n\nAnd whereas a petition to that effect has been presented to the Church Assembly by the General Council of the Church of England in India:\n\nAnd whereas the Secretary of State in Council of India and the Governor-General of India in Council, and the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the bishops and duly appointed representatives of the clergy and the laity of the Church of England in India in Council assembled have approved the dissolution of such union:", "time": { "start_year": 1927, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1927, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1927 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Archbishop of Canterbury", "Governor-General of India", "Secretary of State for India" ], "places": [ "India", "England", "Canterbury" ], "event": "Church and governmental authorities approve the proposed dissolution of the union.", "tags": [ "Church", "Government", "Law" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 5, "chapter_name": "162. The Indian Church Measure", "page_numbers": [ 334 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00358-9956acad2f36b34e9576.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Definitions Under the Measure", "chunk_data": "1. In this Measure-\nthe expression 'date of severance' means such day not less than two years or more than three years after the coming into operation of this Measure as the Governor-General of India in Council at the request of the General Council shall fix for the dissolution of such union as aforesaid;\n\nthe expression 'Indian Church' means, in respect of the period before the date of severance, The Church of England in India, and in respect of the period commencing on the date of severance, the Church of England in India as severed from the Church of England, notwithstanding the adoption by the said Church of any other name or names;\n\nthe expression 'rule' includes canon, article, declaration, constitution, and regulation;\n\nthe expression 'the rules of the Indian Church' means the ecclesiastical law and the articles, canons, doctrines, rite, rules, discipline and ordinances of the Indian Church existing at the date of the passing of this Measure with and subject to such modification or alteration, if any, as may after the passing of this Measure be duly made therein by the Indian Church;\n\nthe expression 'Bishop of Calcutta' means the occupant for the time being of the See of Calcutta, whether or not that See is constituted an archiepiscopal see;\n\nthe expression 'General Council' means the body recognised as such by the Bishop of Calcutta.", "time": { "start_year": 1927, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1930, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1927-1930 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Governor-General of India", "Bishop of Calcutta" ], "places": [ "Calcutta", "India" ], "event": "The Measure defines the date of severance, the Indian Church, its rules, the Bishop of Calcutta, and the General Council.", "tags": [ "Church", "Law", "Administration" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 6, "chapter_name": "162. The Indian Church Measure", "page_numbers": [ 334 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00358-9956acad2f36b34e9576.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Dissolution of the Union", "chunk_data": "2. Upon the date of severance the union legally existing between the Church of England and the Church of England in India shall be dissolved, and-\n(i) The enactment mentioned in the first column of the schedule to this Measure shall be repealed to the extent mentioned in the third column of the said schedule;", "time": { "start_year": 1929, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1930, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1929-1930 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [], "places": [ "India", "England" ], "event": "The legal union between the Church of England and the Church of England in India is to be dissolved on the date of severance, with specified enactments repealed.", "tags": [ "Church", "Law", "Independence" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 7, "chapter_name": "162. The Indian Church Measure", "page_numbers": [ 334, 335 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00358-9956acad2f36b34e9576.webp", "raw\\pages\\00359-5778498975cb1b5ea38e.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Indian Episcopal Independence", "chunk_data": "(ii) The Metropolitan Bishop of the Indian Church shall not, in contemplation of the law, be subject to the general superintendence and revision of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the obtaining of the Royal Mandate to consecrate shall not be necessary in the case of the consecration of a bishop for a charge in India, nor shall the Bishops in Foreign Countries Act, 1841, apply to the consecration of any such bishop, nor shall any bishop of any diocese in England have any jurisdiction over the Indian Church in India;", "time": { "start_year": 1927, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1929, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1927-1929 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Metropolitan Bishop of the Indian Church", "Archbishop of Canterbury" ], "places": [ "India", "England", "Canterbury" ], "event": "The Indian Church gains freedom from the Archbishop of Canterbury's supervision, royal consecration requirements, and episcopal jurisdiction from England.", "tags": [ "Church", "Independence", "Law" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 8, "chapter_name": "162. The Indian Church Measure", "page_numbers": [ 335 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00359-5778498975cb1b5ea38e.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Limits on Ecclesiastical Courts", "chunk_data": "(iii) No ecclesiastical court or official of the Indian Church shall have or exercise any coercive jurisdiction;\n\n(iv) The ecclesiastical law of the Church of England, so far as it exists in India, shall in India cease to exist as law; and no proceeding by way of rehearing or appeal from any decision, judgment, sentence, decree or other order of any ecclesiastical court or official of the Indian Church shall be entered, admitted, prosecuted, heard or determined in, by or before any of His Majesty's Courts of Justice in India or elsewhere, any Court of Commissioners delegate in India, or His Majesty in Council;", "time": { "start_year": 1927, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1929, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1927-1929 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [], "places": [ "India", "England" ], "event": "The Measure removes coercive ecclesiastical jurisdiction and ends the force of English ecclesiastical law in India.", "tags": [ "Church", "Law", "Judiciary" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 9, "chapter_name": "162. The Indian Church Measure", "page_numbers": [ 335 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00359-5778498975cb1b5ea38e.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Binding Force of Church Rules", "chunk_data": "(v) The rules of the Indian Church shall be binding on the members thereof for the time being in the same manner as if they had mutually agreed to be so bound, and shall be capable of being enforced in the temporal courts in relation to any property lawfully held on behalf of the said Church or any members thereof in the same manner and to the same extent as if such property had been expressly assured upon trust to be held on behalf of persons who should be bound.", "time": { "start_year": 1927, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1929, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1927-1929 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [], "places": [ "India" ], "event": "The rules of the Indian Church become binding on its members and enforceable in temporal courts concerning church property.", "tags": [ "Church", "Law", "Property" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 10, "chapter_name": "162. The Indian Church Measure", "page_numbers": [ 335 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00359-5778498975cb1b5ea38e.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Separate Legal Status", "chunk_data": "As in the respects particularly in this section mentioned, so in all other respects the Church of England and the Indian Church shall, as from the date of severance, be legally severed, separate and distinct, and every law and custom shall, except as in this Measure expressly provided, be interpreted and applied accordingly.", "time": { "start_year": 1929, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1930, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1929-1930 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [], "places": [ "India", "England" ], "event": "The Church of England and the Indian Church become legally separate and distinct entities.", "tags": [ "Church", "Law", "Independence" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 11, "chapter_name": "162. The Indian Church Measure", "page_numbers": [ 335, 336 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00359-5778498975cb1b5ea38e.webp", "raw\\pages\\00360-e175be03e63792584833.webp" ], "chunk_title": "General Council Governance", "chunk_data": "3. (i) From and after the coming into operation of this Measure nothing in any Act of Parliament, law or custom, shall prevent the General Council from making, amending or repealing rules for the general management and good government of the Indian Church and the property and affairs thereof, whether in respect of the whole of the said Church, or according to provinces or dioceses or other areas, and rules so made may provide for the future making, amending or repealing of rules for the like purposes and prescribe the persons or bodies by whom, or by which, such rules may be made, amended or repealed:\n\nProvided that no rules so made shall come into operation before the date of severance.", "time": { "start_year": 1927, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1929, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1927-1929 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "General Council" ], "places": [ "India" ], "event": "The General Council receives authority to make, amend, and repeal rules governing the Indian Church and its property and affairs.", "tags": [ "Church", "Governance", "Law" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 12, "chapter_name": "162. The Indian Church Measure", "page_numbers": [ 335, 336 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00359-5778498975cb1b5ea38e.webp", "raw\\pages\\00360-e175be03e63792584833.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Synods and Assemblies", "chunk_data": "(ii) From and after the date of severance nothing in any Act of Parliament, law or custom, shall prevent the bishops, clergy and laity of the Indian Church from holding synods, councils or assemblies whether general, provincial, diocesan or according to other areas, or from electing representatives thereto; or any such synod, council or assembly from acting in accordance with the rules of the Indian Church for the time being.", "time": { "start_year": 1929, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1930, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1929-1930 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Bishops of the Indian Church", "Clergy of the Indian Church", "Laity of the Indian Church" ], "places": [ "India" ], "event": "The bishops, clergy, and laity of the Indian Church gain the right to hold synods, councils, and assemblies and elect representatives.", "tags": [ "Church", "Governance", "Independence" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 13, "chapter_name": "162. The Indian Church Measure", "page_numbers": [ 336 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00360-e175be03e63792584833.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Legal Freedom of Church Rules", "chunk_data": "(iii) Any rule of the Indian Church made by any synod, council, assembly or officer thereof shall not, after the date of severance, be subject to any legal limitation in respect to scope or effect (whether arising from the operation of an Act of Parliament or otherwise) other than such as would apply to the like rule if made by a voluntary association altogether distinct from the Church of England which should have come into existence on the date of severance:\n\nProvided always that nothing in this section shall be deemed to confer upon the General Council or enable it to confer upon any other person or body of persons any coercive jurisdiction, without prejudice, however, to the operation of the law relating to obligations binding on persons who shall be deemed in accordance with subsection (v) of section 2 of this Measure, to have mutually agreed to be bound by any such rule.", "time": { "start_year": 1929, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1930, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1929-1930 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "General Council" ], "places": [ "India", "England" ], "event": "Rules made by Indian Church bodies gain legal freedom from parliamentary limitations, while coercive jurisdiction remains prohibited.", "tags": [ "Church", "Law", "Governance" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 14, "chapter_name": "162. The Indian Church Measure", "page_numbers": [ 336 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00360-e175be03e63792584833.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Bishop's Membership Certificates", "chunk_data": "4.\n(i) If for any temporal purpose in connection with this Measure, or if in any proceedings in any temporal court, it shall be necessary to determine whether any person is, or is not, or at any past date was, a member of the Indian Church or of any Church in communion therewith, a certificate under the hand of the Bishop of Calcutta stating that such person is or is not, or was or was not on a named past date, a member of the Indian Church or of a Church in communion therewith, shall conclusively determine the fact stated therein.\n(ii) A Certificate purporting to be made and signed by the said Bishop shall be deemed to have been made and signed by him until the contrary be shown.", "time": { "start_year": 1927, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1929, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1927-1929 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Bishop of Calcutta" ], "places": [ "Calcutta", "India" ], "event": "Certificates issued by the Bishop of Calcutta conclusively determine a person's membership in the Indian Church or a church in communion with it.", "tags": [ "Church", "Law", "Administration" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 15, "chapter_name": "162. The Indian Church Measure", "page_numbers": [ 336 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00360-e175be03e63792584833.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Recognition of the General Council", "chunk_data": "5. (i) The recognition of the General Council as such by the Bishop of Calcutta shall be sufficiently proved for all purposes by an expression of that recognition in writing under the hand of such Bishop; and if any question at any future time shall arise as to whether any assembly was or was not the General Council for the purpose of this Measure, whether generally, or on a particular occasion, or at a particular time, such question shall be referred to the Bishop aforesaid, and by him finally decided.\n(ii) (a) A document purporting to be a writing under this section, and to be signed by the Bishop of Calcutta shall be deemed to be such and to have been made and signed by him until the contrary is shown,\n(b) No proceedings of the General Council, in pursuance of this Measure, shall be invalidated by any vacancy in", "time": { "start_year": 1927, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1929, "end_month": null, "end_date": null, "time_display": "1927-1929 AD" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Bishop of Calcutta", "General Council" ], "places": [ "Calcutta", "India" ], "event": "The Bishop of Calcutta is given authority to recognize the General Council and decide disputes concerning its identity.", "tags": [ "Church", "Governance", "Law" ] } } ] }