{ "book_metadata": { "book_name": "History of Christianity in India: Source Materials", "book_author": "M. K. Kuriakose", "publisher": "Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge", "published_on": "2011" }, "chunks": [ { "chunk_index": 1, "chapter_name": "1879. Clough on the Mass Movement at Ongole", "page_numbers": [ 229 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00253-68f961e8a1292fe13be3.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Clough Describes Ongole Movement", "chunk_data": "In letters written to the American Baptist Missionary Union in the summer of 1876, J. E. Clough, the only missionary in the field, describes the beginnings of the great mass movement at Ongole (Andhra Pradesh).", "time": { "start_year": 1876, "start_month": 6, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1876, "end_month": 8, "end_date": null, "time_display": "Summer 1876" }, "meta": { "people": [ "J. E. Clough" ], "places": [ "Ongole", "Andhra Pradesh" ], "event": "J. E. Clough describes the beginnings of the mass Christian movement at Ongole.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Christian Missions", "India" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 2, "chapter_name": "1879. Clough on the Mass Movement at Ongole", "page_numbers": [ 229 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00253-68f961e8a1292fe13be3.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Madigas Become Christians", "chunk_data": "Some Madigas had become Christian before a severe famine, during which Clough had secured work for them in digging a canal.", "time": { "start_year": 1876, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1877, "end_month": 3, "end_date": null, "time_display": "During the famine, c. 1876–March 1877" }, "meta": { "people": [ "J. E. Clough", "Madigas" ], "places": [ "Ongole" ], "event": "Madiga converts received canal-digging work during a severe famine.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Famine", "Christian Missions" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 3, "chapter_name": "1879. Clough on the Mass Movement at Ongole", "page_numbers": [ 229 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00253-68f961e8a1292fe13be3.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Clough Restrains Baptisms", "chunk_data": "During that period he refused to baptize any more lest they become Christian simply to get work.", "time": { "start_year": 1876, "start_month": null, "start_date": null, "end_year": 1877, "end_month": 3, "end_date": null, "time_display": "During the famine, c. 1876–March 1877" }, "meta": { "people": [ "J. E. Clough" ], "places": [ "Ongole" ], "event": "Clough temporarily refused further baptisms to prevent conversions motivated by employment.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Famine", "Christian Missions" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 4, "chapter_name": "1879. Clough on the Mass Movement at Ongole", "page_numbers": [ 229 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00253-68f961e8a1292fe13be3.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Baptisms Resume After Famine", "chunk_data": "The baptisms reported here took place after the famine period. It is clear that the converts did not gain any material benefit by becoming Christians. Cited in the Baptist Missionary Magazine, Sept. 1878, p. 348.", "time": { "start_year": 1878, "start_month": 6, "start_date": 16, "end_year": 1878, "end_month": 9, "end_date": null, "time_display": "June–September 1878" }, "meta": { "people": [ "J. E. Clough", "Ongole converts" ], "places": [ "Ongole" ], "event": "Baptisms resumed after the famine without the converts receiving material benefits.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Christian Missions", "Baptism" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 5, "chapter_name": "1879. Clough on the Mass Movement at Ongole", "page_numbers": [ 229 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00253-68f961e8a1292fe13be3.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Initial Baptisms in June", "chunk_data": "We have commenced baptising again, only a few of many applicants. We have up to date numbered as follows: June 16, 1878, 102; June 17, 40; June 19, 3; June 20, 30; June 23, 154.", "time": { "start_year": 1878, "start_month": 6, "start_date": 16, "end_year": 1878, "end_month": 6, "end_date": 23, "time_display": "June 16–23, 1878" }, "meta": { "people": [ "J. E. Clough", "Ongole converts" ], "places": [ "Ongole" ], "event": "Clough and his assistants resumed baptisms and recorded 329 baptisms from June 16 through June 23.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Baptism", "Christian Missions" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 6, "chapter_name": "1879. Clough on the Mass Movement at Ongole", "page_numbers": [ 229 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00253-68f961e8a1292fe13be3.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Ongole Heads Of Families Baptized", "chunk_data": "Most of the above were men, heads of families, and only one hundred from Ongole.", "time": { "start_year": 1878, "start_month": 6, "start_date": 23, "end_year": 1878, "end_month": 6, "end_date": 23, "time_display": "June 23, 1878" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Ongole converts" ], "places": [ "Ongole" ], "event": "Most of the newly baptized converts were male heads of families, and only one hundred came from Ongole.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Baptism", "Society" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 7, "chapter_name": "1879. Clough on the Mass Movement at Ongole", "page_numbers": [ 229 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00253-68f961e8a1292fe13be3.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Crowded Chapel and Open-Air Preaching", "chunk_data": "Yesterday our new chapel was crowded, seven hundred at least inside, and three hundred or more outside. So, while I preached to the seven hundred within, native preacher Rungiah preached to seven (?) hundred or more under the margosa trees near by.", "time": { "start_year": 1878, "start_month": 6, "start_date": 23, "end_year": 1878, "end_month": 6, "end_date": 23, "time_display": "June 23, 1878" }, "meta": { "people": [ "J. E. Clough", "Rungiah" ], "places": [ "Ongole" ], "event": "A crowded chapel required Clough and the native preacher Rungiah to preach simultaneously indoors and outdoors.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Preaching", "Christian Missions" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 8, "chapter_name": "1879. Clough on the Mass Movement at Ongole", "page_numbers": [ 229, 230 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00253-68f961e8a1292fe13be3.webp", "raw\\pages\\00254-46ca48f421504ba99499.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Clough Appeals for Missionary Help", "chunk_data": "Before this letter reaches you, there will be five hundred baptised Christians, probably, within four miles of where I now write, residents of Ongole and suburbs. If rain comes soon, and a harvest is given, as we hope, there will be three thousand baptisms in this mission (Ongole) within the next six months. The converts are now waiting for the ordinance. This means addition to our Teloogoo mission of not less than fifteen thousand souls. Perhaps twenty thousand would be nearer correct. What am I to do? I need, I must have help. By help, I mean that I want someone sent out to help me whom God has called to this very place.", "time": { "start_year": 1878, "start_month": 6, "start_date": 23, "end_year": 1878, "end_month": 12, "end_date": 23, "time_display": "June–December 1878" }, "meta": { "people": [ "J. E. Clough", "Ongole converts" ], "places": [ "Ongole", "Teloogoo mission" ], "event": "Clough predicted thousands of further baptisms and appealed for a missionary assistant.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Christian Missions", "Baptism" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 9, "chapter_name": "1879. Clough on the Mass Movement at Ongole", "page_numbers": [ 229, 230 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00253-68f961e8a1292fe13be3.webp", "raw\\pages\\00254-46ca48f421504ba99499.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Clough Requests a Suitable Assistant", "chunk_data": "Many men sent out as missionaries are no missionaries at all, never were, and never will be. This class are like millstones about the necks of the real God-appointed Missionaries. In sending an assistant to me, please do be careful and get the right man. Please tell brother that I have not wholly given him up yet: he is the kind of man I want for Ongole, and I want him if he will come. Ongole, at the present moment, needs to be reinforced by the very best man available in the United States of America. Boys and novices are not required.", "time": { "start_year": 1878, "start_month": 6, "start_date": 23, "end_year": 1878, "end_month": 6, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "June 23–24, 1878" }, "meta": { "people": [ "J. E. Clough" ], "places": [ "Ongole", "United States of America" ], "event": "Clough urged the mission to send an experienced and suitable missionary assistant to Ongole.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Christian Missions", "Missionary Work" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 10, "chapter_name": "1879. Clough on the Mass Movement at Ongole", "page_numbers": [ 230 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00254-46ca48f421504ba99499.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Harvest in Tinnevelly", "chunk_data": "In Tinnevelly the S. P. G. Missionaries are having a great harvest: seventeen hundred have abandoned their idols, and are seeking Christian instruction. To meet the needs of this harvest, the S.P.G. Society has appointed (so say the daily papers) ten new missionaries, and have authorised them to employ sixty new catechists.", "time": { "start_year": 1878, "start_month": 6, "start_date": 24, "end_year": 1878, "end_month": 6, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "June 24, 1878" }, "meta": { "people": [ "S. P. G. missionaries" ], "places": [ "Tinnevelly" ], "event": "Seventeen hundred people in Tinnevelly abandoned their idols and sought Christian instruction, prompting the appointment of missionaries and catechists.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Christian Missions", "Conversion" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 11, "chapter_name": "1879. Clough on the Mass Movement at Ongole", "page_numbers": [ 230 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00254-46ca48f421504ba99499.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Clough Demands Immediate Support", "chunk_data": "Here, with an equal or greater harvest, I am all alone. Send help at once, men and money! Do not plead hard times. God has the money, and will give it if you call; else, it seems to me, a mistake is being made here in calling so many to righteousness. Fear not! Launch out! Do not tarry! and God will send all the money you require: and I have no fears.", "time": { "start_year": 1878, "start_month": 6, "start_date": 24, "end_year": 1878, "end_month": 6, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "June 24, 1878" }, "meta": { "people": [ "J. E. Clough" ], "places": [ "Ongole" ], "event": "Clough urgently appealed for personnel and funds to support the growing Ongole mission.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Christian Missions", "Missionary Work" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 12, "chapter_name": "1879. Clough on the Mass Movement at Ongole", "page_numbers": [ 230 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00254-46ca48f421504ba99499.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Clough Reports Glorious News", "chunk_data": "Later. June 24 I wrote you at great length about many things, some of which are of vital importance to your mission to the Teloogoos. I have not the time to write much this morning; but I have some glorious news to tell, which you and the readers of 'The Missionary Magazine' are not unprepared to hear. The Lord hath done great things for us, whereof we are glad.'", "time": { "start_year": 1878, "start_month": 6, "start_date": 24, "end_year": 1878, "end_month": 6, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "June 24, 1878" }, "meta": { "people": [ "J. E. Clough" ], "places": [ "Ongole" ], "event": "Clough announced what he regarded as glorious developments in the mission to the Teloogoos.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Christian Missions", "Revival" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 13, "chapter_name": "1879. Clough on the Mass Movement at Ongole", "page_numbers": [ 230 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00254-46ca48f421504ba99499.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Baptisms Resume After Fifteen Months", "chunk_data": "In my letter of 24th, I mentioned that we had again commenced baptising. We, on account of the famine stopped receiving converts into the church early in March 1877 hence, for over fifteen months we had no additions to our number, while the famine, in its direct and indirect work, constantly thinned our ranks. On June 16th we again commenced receiving converts, believers in the Lord Jesus as their Saviour and the Saviour of the whole world.", "time": { "start_year": 1877, "start_month": 3, "start_date": 1, "end_year": 1878, "end_month": 6, "end_date": 16, "time_display": "March 1877–June 16, 1878" }, "meta": { "people": [ "J. E. Clough", "Ongole converts" ], "places": [ "Ongole" ], "event": "After more than fifteen months without additions because of the famine, the Ongole mission resumed receiving believers into the church.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Famine", "Baptism" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 14, "chapter_name": "1879. Clough on the Mass Movement at Ongole", "page_numbers": [ 230 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00254-46ca48f421504ba99499.webp" ], "chunk_title": "The Movement Widens and Deepens", "chunk_data": "Since then the work has gone on, widening and deepening; and now, as I write these lines, it seems to me that the blessed gospel which we try to preach is going to sweep everything before it.", "time": { "start_year": 1878, "start_month": 6, "start_date": 16, "end_year": 1878, "end_month": 6, "end_date": 24, "time_display": "June 16–24, 1878" }, "meta": { "people": [ "J. E. Clough", "Ongole converts" ], "places": [ "Ongole" ], "event": "Clough observed that the Christian movement was rapidly expanding throughout the Ongole mission.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Revival", "Christian Missions" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 15, "chapter_name": "1879. Clough on the Mass Movement at Ongole", "page_numbers": [ 230 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00254-46ca48f421504ba99499.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Five Thousand Four Hundred Baptisms", "chunk_data": "As reported to you on June 24, I and my native assistants had baptised 328 converts. Since then we have baptised, June 24th, 75; 26th, 77; 27th, 140; 28th, 150; 29th, 186; 30th, 212; July 1st, 199; 2nd, 614; 3rd, 2,222; 4th, 731; 6th, 216; 7th, 279. Total number of baptised from June 16-July 7th inclusive 5,429.", "time": { "start_year": 1878, "start_month": 6, "start_date": 16, "end_year": 1878, "end_month": 7, "end_date": 7, "time_display": "June 16–July 7, 1878" }, "meta": { "people": [ "J. E. Clough", "Native assistants", "Ongole converts" ], "places": [ "Ongole" ], "event": "Clough and his native assistants baptized 5,429 converts between June 16 and July 7.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Baptism", "Revival" ] } }, { "chunk_index": 16, "chapter_name": "1879. Clough on the Mass Movement at Ongole", "page_numbers": [ 230 ], "image_paths": [ "raw\\pages\\00254-46ca48f421504ba99499.webp" ], "chunk_title": "Converts Receive No Famine Aid", "chunk_data": "But very few of these ever received any famine funds perhaps not one hundred of the whole number ever received a pice (quarter of a cent) even from me, directly or indirectly and never expect to receive any more of financial aid in any way.", "time": { "start_year": 1878, "start_month": 7, "start_date": 7, "end_year": 1878, "end_month": 7, "end_date": 7, "time_display": "By July 7, 1878" }, "meta": { "people": [ "Ongole converts", "J. E. Clough" ], "places": [ "Ongole" ], "event": "Clough emphasized that almost none of the baptized converts had received famine funds or expected future financial aid.", "tags": [ "Religion", "Famine", "Christian Missions" ] } } ] }