{
  "book_metadata": {
    "book_name": "History of Christianity in India: Source Materials",
    "book_author": "M. K. Kuriakose",
    "publisher": "Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge",
    "published_on": "2011"
  },
  "chunks": [
    {
      "chunk_index": 1,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        80
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00104-5a7384bf32b29a4c73bc.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Kerr Investigates Malabar Christians",
      "chunk_data": "66. KERR ON THE SYRIAN CHRISTIANS OF MALABAR (1806 A.D.) Dr. Kerr, senior chaplain of the Madras Presidency, was sent by the authorities of the Presidency to investigate the conditions of Christians in Malabar and Travancore.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Dr. Kerr"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Madras Presidency",
          "Malabar",
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "Dr. Kerr investigated the condition of Christians in Malabar and Travancore.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Investigation"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 2,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        80
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00104-5a7384bf32b29a4c73bc.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Kerr's Report on Kerala Christianity",
      "chunk_data": "His visit took place before that of Buchanan.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "Before 1806"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Dr. Kerr",
          "Claudius Buchanan"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Kerala"
        ],
        "event": "Dr. Kerr visited Malabar before Claudius Buchanan.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "History"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 3,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        80
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00104-5a7384bf32b29a4c73bc.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "The Report as a Source",
      "chunk_data": "His report is another important source of information about Christianity in Kerala at that time.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Dr. Kerr"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Kerala"
        ],
        "event": "Kerr's report documented Christianity in Kerala.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Sources"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 4,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        80
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00104-5a7384bf32b29a4c73bc.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Malabar Christians' Primitive Faith",
      "chunk_data": "In the creeds and doctrines of the Christians of Malabar, internal evidence exists of their being a primitive church; for the supremacy of the Pope is denied, and the doctrine of transubstantiation never has been held by them.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Malabar Christians",
          "The Pope"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "Kerr identified beliefs among Malabar Christians that he regarded as evidence of a primitive church.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Doctrine"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 5,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        80
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00104-5a7384bf32b29a4c73bc.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Rejection of Images and Purgatory",
      "chunk_data": "They also regarded, and still regard, the worship of images as idolatrous, and the doctrine of purgatory to be fabulous.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Malabar Christians"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "Malabar Christians rejected image worship and the doctrine of purgatory.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Doctrine"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 6,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        80
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00104-5a7384bf32b29a4c73bc.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Malabar Sacramental Practices",
      "chunk_data": "Moreover they never admitted as sacraments, extreme unction, marriage, or confirmation.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Malabar Christians"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "Malabar Christians did not recognize extreme unction, marriage, or confirmation as sacraments.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Doctrine"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 7,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        80
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00104-5a7384bf32b29a4c73bc.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Evidence from the Synod of Diamper",
      "chunk_data": "All which facts may be substantiated on reference to the Acts of the Synod assembled by Don Alexis de Menezes, Archbishop of Goa at Udiyamper, in the year 1599.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1599,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1599,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1599 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Alexis de Menezes"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Goa",
          "Udiyamper"
        ],
        "event": "The Acts of the synod assembled by Archbishop Alexis de Menezes recorded these religious practices.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Church Councils"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 8,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        80
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00104-5a7384bf32b29a4c73bc.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Three Christian Communities",
      "chunk_data": "The Christians on the Malabar Coast are divided into three sects. 1. The St. Thome or Jacobite Christians. 2. The Syrian Roman-Catholics. 3. The Latin Church.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "St. Thome Christians",
          "Syrian Roman-Catholics",
          "Latin Roman Catholics"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar Coast"
        ],
        "event": "Kerr classified the Christians of the Malabar Coast into three communities.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Communities"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 9,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        80
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00104-5a7384bf32b29a4c73bc.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "St. Thome Christian Origins",
      "chunk_data": "1. The St. Thome Christians still retain their ancient creed and usages, and consider themselves as the descendants of the flock established by St. Thomas, who is generally esteemed the Apostle of the East.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "St. Thomas",
          "St. Thome Christians"
        ],
        "places": [
          "East"
        ],
        "event": "The St. Thome Christians maintained their ancient creed and regarded themselves as descendants of St. Thomas's community.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Origins"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 10,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        80
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00104-5a7384bf32b29a4c73bc.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Syro-Chaldaic Church Language",
      "chunk_data": "Their ancestors emigrated from Syria; and Syro-Chaldaic is the language in which their church-service is still performed.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "St. Thome Christians"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Syria"
        ],
        "event": "The ancestors of the St. Thome Christians emigrated from Syria, and their services continued in Syro-Chaldaic.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Migration",
          "Language"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 11,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        80
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00104-5a7384bf32b29a4c73bc.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "St. Thome Churches and Images",
      "chunk_data": "They admit no images within their churches, but a figure of the Virgin Mary, with the child Jesus in her arms; which is considered merely as an ornament, and not a subject of idolatrous worship.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "St. Thome Christians",
          "Virgin Mary",
          "Jesus"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "St. Thome Christians generally excluded images from churches but permitted an ornamental figure of Mary and Jesus.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Worship"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 12,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        80
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00104-5a7384bf32b29a4c73bc.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "The Nestorian Question",
      "chunk_data": "It has been believed that these Christians held the tenets of the Nestorian heresy, and that they were obliged to leave their own country in consequence of persecution.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "Before 1806"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "St. Thome Christians"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Syria"
        ],
        "event": "Some believed that the St. Thome Christians followed Nestorian beliefs and fled persecution.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Persecution"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 13,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        80
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00104-5a7384bf32b29a4c73bc.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "St. Thome Creed and Athanasius",
      "chunk_data": "However, it appears that the creed they now hold denies that heresy, and seems to coincide in several points with the creed of Athanasius, but without its damnatory clauses.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "St. Thome Christians",
          "Athanasius"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "Kerr stated that the current St. Thome creed rejected Nestorianism and partly resembled the Creed of Athanasius.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Doctrine"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 14,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        80
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00104-5a7384bf32b29a4c73bc.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "St. Thome Worship Practices",
      "chunk_data": "The service in their Church is performed very nearly after the manner of the Church of England; and when the Metropolitan was told that it was hoped that one day an union might take place between the two churches, he seemed pleased at the suggestion.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "The Metropolitan"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar",
          "England"
        ],
        "event": "The St. Thome service resembled that of the Church of England, and the Metropolitan welcomed the possibility of church union.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Church Relations"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 15,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        80,
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00104-5a7384bf32b29a4c73bc.webp",
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Syrian and Latin Rituals",
      "chunk_data": "In some of their churches, divine service is performed in the Syrian and Latin ritual alternatively, by the priests of the Christians of St. Thomas, who have adhered to their ancient rites, and those who have been united to the Church of Rome. When the latter have celebrated mass, they carry away the images from the Church before the others enter.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "St. Thomas Christians",
          "Roman Catholic priests"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "Some churches alternated Syrian and Latin services, with images removed after Roman Catholic mass.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Worship"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 16,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Moral Reputation of St. Thome Christians",
      "chunk_data": "The character of these people is marked by a striking superiority over the heathens in every moral excellence; and they are remarkable for their veracity and plain dealing.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "St. Thome Christians"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "Kerr praised the moral character, truthfulness, and straightforward conduct of the St. Thome Christians.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Society"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 17,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Religious Authority among Christians",
      "chunk_data": "They are extremely attentive to their religious duties, and abide by the decision of their priests and metropolitan in all cases, whether in spiritual or temporal affairs.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "St. Thome Christians",
          "Priests",
          "The Metropolitan"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "The St. Thome Christians followed their priests and metropolitan in spiritual and temporal matters.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Society"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 18,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Status among Malabar Rulers",
      "chunk_data": "They are respected very highly by the Nairs; and the Rajahs of Travancore and Cochin admit them to rank next to the Nairs.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "St. Thome Christians",
          "Nairs",
          "Rajahs of Travancore and Cochin"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore",
          "Cochin"
        ],
        "event": "The St. Thome Christians held high social status among the Nairs and the rulers of Travancore and Cochin.",
        "tags": [
          "Society",
          "Politics"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 19,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Estimated Christian Population",
      "chunk_data": "Their number it is generally supposed, may be estimated at seventy or eighty thousand.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "St. Thome Christians"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "The St. Thome Christian population was estimated at seventy or eighty thousand.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Demography"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 20,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "British Protection Extended",
      "chunk_data": "The direct protection of the British Government has been already extended to them; but as they do not reside within the British territories, I am doubtful how far it may be of use to them.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "St. Thome Christians",
          "British Government"
        ],
        "places": [
          "British territories",
          "Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "The British Government extended protection to the St. Thome Christians, though Kerr questioned its practical usefulness outside British territory.",
        "tags": [
          "Politics",
          "Religion"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 21,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Proposal for Church Union",
      "chunk_data": "To unite them to the Church of England would in my opinion, be a most noble work; and it is most devoutly to be wished that those who have been driven into the Roman pale, might be recalled to their ancient Church; a measure which it would not be difficult to accomplish, as the country governments would be likely to second my efforts to that purpose.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "St. Thome Christians",
          "British church authorities"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar",
          "England"
        ],
        "event": "Kerr advocated uniting the St. Thome Christians with the Church of England and recalling Roman Catholics to their ancient church.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Church Relations",
          "Politics"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 22,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Occupations and Economic Independence",
      "chunk_data": "Their occupations are various as those of other Christians; but they are chiefly cultivators and artizans: and some of them possess a comfortable, if not a splendid independence.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "St. Thome Christians"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "The St. Thome Christians worked mainly as cultivators and artisans, with some enjoying comfortable independence.",
        "tags": [
          "Society",
          "Economy"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 23,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Marriage of the Clergy",
      "chunk_data": "Their clergy marry in the same manner as Protestants.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "St. Thome clergy"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "The St. Thome clergy married, as Protestant clergy did.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Society"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 24,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Inland Residence",
      "chunk_data": "Their residence is entirely inland.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "St. Thome Christians"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Inland Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "The St. Thome Christians lived entirely inland.",
        "tags": [
          "Society",
          "Geography"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 25,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Syrian Roman-Catholic Origins",
      "chunk_data": "2. The Syrian Roman-Catholics are those who were constrained, after a long struggle, to join the Latin Church, and who still continue in her pale, though distinguished from her in this, that they are allowed, by a dispensation from the Pope, to perform all the services of the Church of Rome in the Syro-Chaldaic language.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Syrian Roman-Catholics",
          "The Pope"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "The Syrian Roman-Catholics joined the Latin Church after a long struggle but retained permission to worship in Syro-Chaldaic.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Church Relations"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 26,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Syrian Catholic Authorities",
      "chunk_data": "They live under the authority of the Metropolitan of Cranganore, and the Bishop of Verapoli.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Metropolitan of Cranganore",
          "Bishop of Verapoli"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Cranganore",
          "Verapoli"
        ],
        "event": "The Syrian Roman-Catholics came under the authority of the Metropolitan of Cranganore and the Bishop of Verapoli.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Church Administration"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 27,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Growth of Roman Catholic Syrians",
      "chunk_data": "The Roman-Catholic Syrians, it is thought, are much more numerous than the members of the original church.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Syrian Roman-Catholics",
          "Members of the original church"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "The Syrian Roman-Catholics were believed to outnumber members of the original church.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Demography"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 28,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Roman Catholic Syrian Clergy",
      "chunk_data": "Their clergy, four hundred in number, are spread through the ancient churches; and, by retaining their language and acting under the direction of the Church of Rome, they leave no means unessayed to draw over their primitive brethren to Latin communion.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Syrian Roman-Catholic clergy"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar",
          "Rome"
        ],
        "event": "Four hundred Syrian Roman-Catholic clergy served ancient churches and sought to bring the original Christians into Latin communion.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Mission"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 29,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Roman Catholic Syrian Parishes",
      "chunk_data": "There are said to be eighty-six parishes of Roman-Catholic Syrians subject to the dioceses of Cranganore and Verapoli.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Roman-Catholic Syrians"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Cranganore",
          "Verapoli"
        ],
        "event": "Eighty-six Roman-Catholic Syrian parishes were subject to the dioceses of Cranganore and Verapoli.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Church Administration"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 30,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Roman Catholic Syrian Congregations",
      "chunk_data": "The congregations are reported at ninety thousand.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Roman-Catholic Syrians"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "The Roman-Catholic Syrian congregations were reported to number ninety thousand.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Demography"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 31,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Hindoo Preference for Original Christians",
      "chunk_data": "The Hindoos have more respect for the Christians of the original church, than for the converts of the Latin communion.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Hindoos",
          "Original church Christians",
          "Latin communion converts"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "Hindoo communities reportedly respected Christians of the original church more than converts belonging to the Latin communion.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Society"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 32,
      "chapter_name": "1806. Kerr on the Syrian Christians of Malabar",
      "page_numbers": [
        81
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00105-de15a6ec8cc393a4dde3.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Latin Roman Catholic Administration",
      "chunk_data": "3. The Latin Roman Catholics are subject to the Primate of Goa, under whom is an archbishop and two bishops.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1806,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1806,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1806 AD"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Primate of Goa",
          "Archbishop of Goa",
          "Two bishops"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Goa"
        ],
        "event": "The Latin Roman Catholics came under the Primate of Goa, an archbishop, and two bishops.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Church Administration"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}