{
  "book_metadata": {
    "book_name": "History of Christianity in India: Source Materials",
    "book_author": "M. K. Kuriakose",
    "publisher": "Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge",
    "published_on": "2011"
  },
  "chunks": [
    {
      "chunk_index": 1,
      "chapter_name": "1799. Carey on Witnessing a Sati",
      "page_numbers": [
        72
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00096-cbf7b7e0df3a9514521d.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Carey Witnesses a Sati",
      "chunk_data": "61. CAREY ON WITNESSING A SATI (1799 A.D.) Carey played an important role in having the practice of sati (widow-burning) abolished. In an entry dated 1 April 1799, he describes in his diary the first time he witnessed this practice.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1799,
        "start_month": 4,
        "start_date": 1,
        "end_year": 1799,
        "end_month": 4,
        "end_date": 1,
        "time_display": "1 April 1799"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "William Carey"
        ],
        "places": [
          "India"
        ],
        "event": "William Carey is described as an important figure in the later abolition of sati, and his diary entry records his first witnessing of the practice.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Social Reform",
          "History"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 2,
      "chapter_name": "1799. Carey on Witnessing a Sati",
      "page_numbers": [
        72
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00096-cbf7b7e0df3a9514521d.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Source of Carey's Account",
      "chunk_data": "Cited in George Smith, The Life of William Carey, pp. 94-95.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1799,
        "start_month": 4,
        "start_date": 1,
        "end_year": 1799,
        "end_month": 4,
        "end_date": 1,
        "time_display": "1 April 1799"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "George Smith",
          "William Carey"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "George Smith's biography is cited as the source for Carey's account.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "History"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 3,
      "chapter_name": "1799. Carey on Witnessing a Sati",
      "page_numbers": [
        72
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00096-cbf7b7e0df3a9514521d.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Carey Sees a Sati",
      "chunk_data": "As I was returning from Calcutta I saw the Sahamaranam, or, a woman burning herself with the corpse of her husband, for the first time in my life.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1799,
        "start_month": 4,
        "start_date": 1,
        "end_year": 1799,
        "end_month": 4,
        "end_date": 1,
        "time_display": "1 April 1799"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "William Carey",
          "Unnamed widow",
          "Unnamed deceased husband"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Calcutta"
        ],
        "event": "William Carey witnesses a widow burning herself with her husband's corpse for the first time.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Social Reform",
          "Sati"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 4,
      "chapter_name": "1799. Carey on Witnessing a Sati",
      "page_numbers": [
        72
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00096-cbf7b7e0df3a9514521d.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Arrival Near Noya Serai",
      "chunk_data": "We were near the village of Noya Serai, Niaverai. Being evening, we got out of the boat to walk, when we saw a number of people assembled on the river-side.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1799,
        "start_month": 4,
        "start_date": 1,
        "end_year": 1799,
        "end_month": 4,
        "end_date": 1,
        "time_display": "1 April 1799"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "William Carey",
          "Unnamed assembled villagers"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Noya Serai",
          "Niaverai"
        ],
        "event": "William Carey and his companions leave their boat in the evening near Noya Serai and encounter a crowd by the river.",
        "tags": [
          "Travel",
          "Religion",
          "Sati"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 5,
      "chapter_name": "1799. Carey on Witnessing a Sati",
      "page_numbers": [
        72
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00096-cbf7b7e0df3a9514521d.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "The Crowd Explains the Gathering",
      "chunk_data": "I asked them what they were met for, and they told me to burn the body of a dead man.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1799,
        "start_month": 4,
        "start_date": 1,
        "end_year": 1799,
        "end_month": 4,
        "end_date": 1,
        "time_display": "1 April 1799"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "William Carey",
          "Unnamed villagers"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Noya Serai"
        ],
        "event": "The villagers tell William Carey that they have gathered to burn a dead man's body.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Sati"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 6,
      "chapter_name": "1799. Carey on Witnessing a Sati",
      "page_numbers": [
        72
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00096-cbf7b7e0df3a9514521d.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "The Widow Will Die",
      "chunk_data": "I inquired if his wife would die with him; they answered Yes, and pointed to the woman.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1799,
        "start_month": 4,
        "start_date": 1,
        "end_year": 1799,
        "end_month": 4,
        "end_date": 1,
        "time_display": "1 April 1799"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "William Carey",
          "Unnamed widow",
          "Unnamed deceased husband"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Noya Serai"
        ],
        "event": "The villagers confirm that the dead man's wife will die with him and point Carey toward her.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Sati"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 7,
      "chapter_name": "1799. Carey on Witnessing a Sati",
      "page_numbers": [
        72
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00096-cbf7b7e0df3a9514521d.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "The Widow Stands by the Pyre",
      "chunk_data": "She was standing by the pile, which was made of large billets of wood, about two and a half feet high, four feet long, and two wide, on the top of which lay the dead body of her husband.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1799,
        "start_month": 4,
        "start_date": 1,
        "end_year": 1799,
        "end_month": 4,
        "end_date": 1,
        "time_display": "1 April 1799"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Unnamed widow",
          "Unnamed deceased husband"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Noya Serai"
        ],
        "event": "The widow stands beside a large wooden pyre bearing her husband's corpse.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Sati"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 8,
      "chapter_name": "1799. Carey on Witnessing a Sati",
      "page_numbers": [
        72
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00096-cbf7b7e0df3a9514521d.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Relatives Attend the Widow",
      "chunk_data": "Her nearest relation stood by her, and near her was a small basket of sweet meat called Thioy.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1799,
        "start_month": 4,
        "start_date": 1,
        "end_year": 1799,
        "end_month": 4,
        "end_date": 1,
        "time_display": "1 April 1799"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Unnamed widow",
          "Unnamed nearest relation"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Noya Serai"
        ],
        "event": "The widow's nearest relation stands beside her, near a basket of sweet meat called Thioy.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Sati"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 9,
      "chapter_name": "1799. Carey on Witnessing a Sati",
      "page_numbers": [
        72
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00096-cbf7b7e0df3a9514521d.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Carey Questions the Widow's Choice",
      "chunk_data": "I asked them if this was the woman's choice, or if she were brought to it by any improper influence? They answered that it was perfectly voluntary.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1799,
        "start_month": 4,
        "start_date": 1,
        "end_year": 1799,
        "end_month": 4,
        "end_date": 1,
        "time_display": "1 April 1799"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "William Carey",
          "Unnamed widow",
          "Unnamed villagers"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Noya Serai"
        ],
        "event": "William Carey questions whether the widow is acting voluntarily, and the villagers insist that her decision is entirely voluntary.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Sati",
          "Social Reform"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 10,
      "chapter_name": "1799. Carey on Witnessing a Sati",
      "page_numbers": [
        72
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00096-cbf7b7e0df3a9514521d.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Carey Condemns the Burning",
      "chunk_data": "I talked till reasoning was of no use, and then began to exclaim with all my might against what they were doing, telling them that it was a shocking murder.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1799,
        "start_month": 4,
        "start_date": 1,
        "end_year": 1799,
        "end_month": 4,
        "end_date": 1,
        "time_display": "1 April 1799"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "William Carey",
          "Unnamed villagers",
          "Unnamed widow"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Noya Serai"
        ],
        "event": "After reasoning fails, William Carey loudly condemns the planned burning as a shocking murder.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Social Reform",
          "Sati"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 11,
      "chapter_name": "1799. Carey on Witnessing a Sati",
      "page_numbers": [
        72
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00096-cbf7b7e0df3a9514521d.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Villagers Defend Sati",
      "chunk_data": "They told me it was a great act of holiness, and added in a very surly manner, that if I did not like to see it I might go farther off, and desired me to go.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1799,
        "start_month": 4,
        "start_date": 1,
        "end_year": 1799,
        "end_month": 4,
        "end_date": 1,
        "time_display": "1 April 1799"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "William Carey",
          "Unnamed villagers"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Noya Serai"
        ],
        "event": "The villagers defend sati as a holy act and angrily tell William Carey to move away if he does not want to watch.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Sati",
          "Social Conflict"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 12,
      "chapter_name": "1799. Carey on Witnessing a Sati",
      "page_numbers": [
        72
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00096-cbf7b7e0df3a9514521d.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Carey Refuses to Leave",
      "chunk_data": "I told them that I would not go, that I was determined to stay and see the murder, and that I should certainly bear witness of it at the tribunal of God.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1799,
        "start_month": 4,
        "start_date": 1,
        "end_year": 1799,
        "end_month": 4,
        "end_date": 1,
        "time_display": "1 April 1799"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "William Carey",
          "Unnamed villagers",
          "Unnamed widow"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Noya Serai"
        ],
        "event": "William Carey refuses to leave, vows to remain and witness the killing, and declares that he will testify about it before God's tribunal.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Social Reform",
          "Sati"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 13,
      "chapter_name": "1799. Carey on Witnessing a Sati",
      "page_numbers": [
        72
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00096-cbf7b7e0df3a9514521d.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Carey Exhorts the Widow",
      "chunk_data": "I exhorted the woman not to throw away her",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1799,
        "start_month": 4,
        "start_date": 1,
        "end_year": 1799,
        "end_month": 4,
        "end_date": 1,
        "time_display": "1 April 1799"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "William Carey",
          "Unnamed widow"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Noya Serai"
        ],
        "event": "William Carey begins exhorting the widow not to throw away her life.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Social Reform",
          "Sati"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}