{
  "book_metadata": {
    "book_name": "History of Christianity in India: Source Materials",
    "book_author": "M. K. Kuriakose",
    "publisher": "Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge",
    "published_on": "2011"
  },
  "chunks": [
    {
      "chunk_index": 1,
      "chapter_name": "1623. Decision in Favour of de Nobili on the Adaptation Question",
      "page_numbers": [
        52
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00076-86fc7760c8803fd944c2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Inquiry into de Nobili’s Methods",
      "chunk_data": "Pope Gregory XV appointed Peter Lombard, the Archbishop of Armagh, and the Lisbon Inquisition to study de Nobili's missionary methods for the purpose of officially putting to rest what had become a heated controversy.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1623,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": 31,
        "end_year": 1623,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": 31,
        "time_display": "31 January 1623"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Pope Gregory XV",
          "Peter Lombard"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Armagh",
          "Lisbon"
        ],
        "event": "Pope Gregory XV commissions an official investigation into Robert de Nobili’s missionary methods.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Catholic Church",
          "Missionary Methods"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 2,
      "chapter_name": "1623. Decision in Favour of de Nobili on the Adaptation Question",
      "page_numbers": [
        52
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00076-86fc7760c8803fd944c2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Decision Favouring de Nobili",
      "chunk_data": "On 31 January 1623 the decision was made in favour of de Nobili in the Brief, Romanae Sedis Antistites. Cited in Ferroli, The Jesuits in Malabar, Vol. II, pp. 400-401.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1623,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": 31,
        "end_year": 1623,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": 31,
        "time_display": "31 January 1623"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Robert de Nobili"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Malabar"
        ],
        "event": "The papal Brief Romanae Sedis Antistites rules in favour of Robert de Nobili in the adaptation controversy.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Catholic Church",
          "Missionary Methods"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 3,
      "chapter_name": "1623. Decision in Favour of de Nobili on the Adaptation Question",
      "page_numbers": [
        52
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00076-86fc7760c8803fd944c2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Accommodation for Converts",
      "chunk_data": "Humanae infirmitati consulendo, taking into consideration human weakness quantum sine Dei offensione et populorum scandalo licet, in as much as it is permissible without sin and without scandal, desirous to favour the conversion of these peoples, who do not wish to give up the tuft of hair, the cord, the baths, the sandal, by which are indicated their nobility, caste and office, after diligent study and discussion, after having heard the opinion of various Cardinals, till we decide otherwise, by our apostolic authority, we allow to Brahmins and others to be converted, the use of the cord, and the tuft of hair, which serve to distinguish the various castes, and are a sign of nobility and social standing and office.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1623,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": 31,
        "end_year": 1623,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": 31,
        "time_display": "31 January 1623"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Brahmin converts",
          "Various Cardinals"
        ],
        "places": [
          "India"
        ],
        "event": "The papal decision permits Brahmin and other converts to retain the cord and tuft of hair as markers of caste, nobility, social standing, and office.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Caste",
          "Missionary Methods"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 4,
      "chapter_name": "1623. Decision in Favour of de Nobili on the Adaptation Question",
      "page_numbers": [
        52
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00076-86fc7760c8803fd944c2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Permission for Sandal and Baths",
      "chunk_data": "Further the sandal, which is an ornament of the body, is permitted, and so are the baths, for health and cleanliness.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1623,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": 31,
        "end_year": 1623,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": 31,
        "time_display": "31 January 1623"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Indian converts"
        ],
        "places": [
          "India"
        ],
        "event": "The decision permits converts to use sandal paste as bodily ornament and to take ritual baths for health and cleanliness.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Culture",
          "Missionary Methods"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 5,
      "chapter_name": "1623. Decision in Favour of de Nobili on the Adaptation Question",
      "page_numbers": [
        52
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00076-86fc7760c8803fd944c2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Removing Superstitious Associations",
      "chunk_data": "In order, however, that the least semblance of superstition be removed:",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1623,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": 31,
        "end_year": 1623,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": 31,
        "time_display": "31 January 1623"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Indian converts"
        ],
        "places": [
          "India"
        ],
        "event": "The decision establishes restrictions intended to separate permitted customs from superstition.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Missionary Methods"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 6,
      "chapter_name": "1623. Decision in Favour of de Nobili on the Adaptation Question",
      "page_numbers": [
        52
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00076-86fc7760c8803fd944c2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Catholic Conferral of the Cord",
      "chunk_data": "The cord should not be received in the temple, or from one of their priests, but from a Catholic priest, who, upon conferring it, should recite the prescribed prayers.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1623,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": 31,
        "end_year": 1623,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": 31,
        "time_display": "31 January 1623"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Indian converts",
          "Catholic priests"
        ],
        "places": [
          "India"
        ],
        "event": "The decision requires that converts receive the cord from a Catholic priest rather than in a temple or from a non-Christian priest.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Catholic Church",
          "Missionary Methods"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 7,
      "chapter_name": "1623. Decision in Favour of de Nobili on the Adaptation Question",
      "page_numbers": [
        52
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00076-86fc7760c8803fd944c2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Prohibition of Pagan Mantrams",
      "chunk_data": "The pagan prayers and mantrams which used to be learnt upon receiving the cord, should not be learnt, but rather should be confined to perpetual oblivion.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1623,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": 31,
        "end_year": 1623,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": 31,
        "time_display": "31 January 1623"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Indian converts"
        ],
        "places": [
          "India"
        ],
        "event": "The decision prohibits converts from learning the pagan prayers and mantrams traditionally associated with receiving the cord.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Conversion",
          "Missionary Methods"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 8,
      "chapter_name": "1623. Decision in Favour of de Nobili on the Adaptation Question",
      "page_numbers": [
        52
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00076-86fc7760c8803fd944c2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Prohibition of Pagan Rites",
      "chunk_data": "Similarly the prayers and sacrifices which used to be offered upon conferring the cord, should not be performed.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1623,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": 31,
        "end_year": 1623,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": 31,
        "time_display": "31 January 1623"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Indian converts"
        ],
        "places": [
          "India"
        ],
        "event": "The decision prohibits the prayers and sacrifices traditionally performed when the cord was conferred.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Conversion",
          "Missionary Methods"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 9,
      "chapter_name": "1623. Decision in Favour of de Nobili on the Adaptation Question",
      "page_numbers": [
        52
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00076-86fc7760c8803fd944c2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Christian Meaning of the Cord",
      "chunk_data": "The cord made up of three strands, should not be made so in honour of the idols, but in honour of the Blessed Trinity.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1623,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": 31,
        "end_year": 1623,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": 31,
        "time_display": "31 January 1623"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Indian converts"
        ],
        "places": [
          "India"
        ],
        "event": "The three-stranded cord is reinterpreted as an object honouring the Blessed Trinity rather than pagan idols.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Catholic Theology",
          "Missionary Methods"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 10,
      "chapter_name": "1623. Decision in Favour of de Nobili on the Adaptation Question",
      "page_numbers": [
        52
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00076-86fc7760c8803fd944c2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Replacement of Existing Cords",
      "chunk_data": "The converts, who have already received the cord, should burn the old one, and receive a new one from the Catholic priest.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1623,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": 31,
        "end_year": 1623,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": 31,
        "time_display": "31 January 1623"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Indian converts",
          "Catholic priests"
        ],
        "places": [
          "India"
        ],
        "event": "Converts who already possess a cord are instructed to burn it and receive a replacement from a Catholic priest.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Conversion",
          "Missionary Methods"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}