{
  "book_metadata": {
    "book_name": "History of Christianity in India: Source Materials",
    "book_author": "M. K. Kuriakose",
    "publisher": "Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge",
    "published_on": "2011"
  },
  "chunks": [
    {
      "chunk_index": 1,
      "chapter_name": "1853. Letter of Governor-General of Goa to the Pope Concerning Interference with Padroado Rights",
      "page_numbers": [
        153
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00177-c003201f4e09226432e4.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Letter Concerning Padroado Rights",
      "chunk_data": "100. LETTER OF GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF GOA TO THE POPE CONCERNING PADROADO RIGHTS (1853 A.D.) This letter, dated Nova Goa, 18th July 1853, was sent to protest the apostolic brief of Pope Pius IX in which Bishop Jeronimo of Macao was censured for conducting religious ceremonies in the Church of N.S. de Gloria of Mazagon, Bombay.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": 7,
        "start_date": 18,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": 7,
        "end_date": 18,
        "time_display": "18 July 1853"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Governor-General of Goa",
          "Pope Pius IX",
          "Bishop Jeronimo"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Nova Goa",
          "Macao",
          "Mazagon",
          "Bombay"
        ],
        "event": "The Governor-General of Goa sent a letter protesting Pope Pius IX's apostolic brief censuring Bishop Jeronimo of Macao.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Politics",
          "Padroado"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 2,
      "chapter_name": "1853. Letter of Governor-General of Goa to the Pope Concerning Interference with Padroado Rights",
      "page_numbers": [
        153
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00177-c003201f4e09226432e4.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Bishop Jeronimo and Padroado",
      "chunk_data": "In so far as he was a Padroado bishop, the Portuguese held that he had a right to do this.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": 7,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": 7,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1853"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Bishop Jeronimo",
          "Portuguese Padroado authorities"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Macao",
          "Mazagon",
          "Bombay"
        ],
        "event": "Portuguese authorities asserted Bishop Jeronimo's right to conduct the ceremonies as a Padroado bishop.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Church Authority",
          "Padroado"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 3,
      "chapter_name": "1853. Letter of Governor-General of Goa to the Pope Concerning Interference with Padroado Rights",
      "page_numbers": [
        153
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00177-c003201f4e09226432e4.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Padroado and Propaganda Conflict",
      "chunk_data": "This is only one episode in the often bitter controversy between Padroado and Propaganda ecclesiastics.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": 7,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": 7,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1853"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Padroado ecclesiastics",
          "Propaganda ecclesiastics"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Asia"
        ],
        "event": "The dispute over Bishop Jeronimo formed part of the wider conflict between Padroado and Propaganda ecclesiastics.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Church Authority",
          "Conflict"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 4,
      "chapter_name": "1853. Letter of Governor-General of Goa to the Pope Concerning Interference with Padroado Rights",
      "page_numbers": [
        153
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00177-c003201f4e09226432e4.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Source of the Padroado Account",
      "chunk_data": "Cited in Jno. Godinho, The Padroado of Portugal in the Orient (1454-1860), p. 35.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1454,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1860,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1454-1860"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Jno. Godinho"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Portugal",
          "The Orient"
        ],
        "event": "The account was cited from Jno. Godinho's history of the Portuguese Padroado in the Orient.",
        "tags": [
          "History",
          "Padroado",
          "Sources"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 5,
      "chapter_name": "1853. Letter of Governor-General of Goa to the Pope Concerning Interference with Padroado Rights",
      "page_numbers": [
        153
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00177-c003201f4e09226432e4.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Complaint Against Missionary Ecclesiastics",
      "chunk_data": "Having been informed that some Ecclesiastics arrogating to themselves powers and authority in various Missions of the Dioceses of Asia, which incontestably belong to the Real Padroado of His Most Faithful Majesty (King of Portugal), and have attempted, in discreditable ways, not in conformity with honesty or Christian principles,",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": 7,
        "start_date": 18,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": 7,
        "end_date": 18,
        "time_display": "18 July 1853"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Governor-General of Goa",
          "King of Portugal"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Asia"
        ],
        "event": "The Governor-General complained that ecclesiastics had arrogated authority over missions belonging to the Portuguese Crown's Padroado.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Politics",
          "Padroado"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 6,
      "chapter_name": "1853. Letter of Governor-General of Goa to the Pope Concerning Interference with Padroado Rights",
      "page_numbers": [
        153
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00177-c003201f4e09226432e4.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Churches Built by Portuguese Sacrifice",
      "chunk_data": "to obtain possession of Churches of our Missions, built and erected at the cost of great sacrifices of men and money by the Portuguese, and maintained for more than three centuries by the piety of their Kings",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1500,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": 7,
        "end_date": 18,
        "time_display": "Over three centuries, through 1853"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Portuguese kings"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Asia"
        ],
        "event": "The letter asserted that Portuguese-built mission churches had been maintained for more than three centuries by the piety of Portugal's kings.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Architecture",
          "Padroado"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 7,
      "chapter_name": "1853. Letter of Governor-General of Goa to the Pope Concerning Interference with Padroado Rights",
      "page_numbers": [
        153
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00177-c003201f4e09226432e4.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Apostolic Brief Sent to Missions",
      "chunk_data": "and, it also having come to my knowledge that recently the said Ecclesiastics have sent an Apostolic Breve to the Vicars and Curates of our Diocese, whose parishes they intend to usurp,",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": 7,
        "start_date": 18,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": 7,
        "end_date": 18,
        "time_display": "18 July 1853"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Governor-General of Goa",
          "Ecclesiastics",
          "Vicars",
          "Curates"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Asia",
          "Goa"
        ],
        "event": "The Governor-General reported that the ecclesiastics had sent an apostolic brief to parochial clergy whose parishes they intended to take over.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Church Authority",
          "Padroado"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 8,
      "chapter_name": "1853. Letter of Governor-General of Goa to the Pope Concerning Interference with Padroado Rights",
      "page_numbers": [
        153
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00177-c003201f4e09226432e4.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Threats Against Loyal Clergy",
      "chunk_data": "which Breve, if not apocryphal, has been treacherously obtained from the most virtuous Pontiff who occupies the Chair of St. Peter, in which Breve all those who remain loyal to their legitimate Pastors are threatened with suspension of their orders, and considered as schismatics, if, within two months they do not recognise the jurisdiction of the Vicars Apostolic, or of the Agents of the Propaganda;",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": 5,
        "start_date": 9,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": 7,
        "end_date": 18,
        "time_display": "9 May-18 July 1853"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Pope Pius IX",
          "Vicars Apostolic",
          "Agents of the Propaganda"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Rome",
          "Asia"
        ],
        "event": "The apostolic brief threatened clergy loyal to their legitimate pastors with suspension and accused them of schism unless they accepted Propaganda jurisdiction within two months.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Church Authority",
          "Conflict"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 9,
      "chapter_name": "1853. Letter of Governor-General of Goa to the Pope Concerning Interference with Padroado Rights",
      "page_numbers": [
        153
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00177-c003201f4e09226432e4.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Governor-General Defends Crown Rights",
      "chunk_data": "I as the Delegate of His Majesty, in this part of the World, whose duty it is to assert and uphold the right and prerogatives of the Crown, warn you that the Royal Letters of the 5th April 1652 and 24th March 1748, and many others of different dates prohibit all the Portuguese to recognise any Bull or Pontifical Edict, devoid of the Beneplacito Regio;",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": 7,
        "start_date": 18,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": 7,
        "end_date": 18,
        "time_display": "18 July 1853"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Governor-General of Goa",
          "King of Portugal"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Goa",
          "Portugal"
        ],
        "event": "The Governor-General invoked the Portuguese Crown's authority and royal letters prohibiting recognition of papal bulls or edicts lacking royal approval.",
        "tags": [
          "Politics",
          "Religion",
          "Law"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 10,
      "chapter_name": "1853. Letter of Governor-General of Goa to the Pope Concerning Interference with Padroado Rights",
      "page_numbers": [
        153
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00177-c003201f4e09226432e4.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Christian Duty to Protect Property",
      "chunk_data": "2, that principles of honour, and the teachings of the Evangel compel every good and honest Christian not to hand over to any one the goods of another party;",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": 7,
        "start_date": 18,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": 7,
        "end_date": 18,
        "time_display": "18 July 1853"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Governor-General of Goa"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Goa"
        ],
        "event": "The letter argued that honour and Christian teaching forbade Christians from surrendering another party's property.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Ethics",
          "Property"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 11,
      "chapter_name": "1853. Letter of Governor-General of Goa to the Pope Concerning Interference with Padroado Rights",
      "page_numbers": [
        153
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00177-c003201f4e09226432e4.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Portugal Refuses to Cede Rights",
      "chunk_data": "3, the notification No. 2608 of the 5th August 1852, from the Minister for Foreign Affairs declares, that His Most Faithful Majesty is determined not to cede any of his rights and prerogatives, as the Patron of the Churches in the East.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1852,
        "start_month": 8,
        "start_date": 5,
        "end_year": 1852,
        "end_month": 8,
        "end_date": 5,
        "time_display": "5 August 1852"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Minister for Foreign Affairs",
          "King of Portugal"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Portugal",
          "The East"
        ],
        "event": "Portugal declared that the king would not surrender his rights and prerogatives as patron of the Eastern churches.",
        "tags": [
          "Politics",
          "Religion",
          "Padroado"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 12,
      "chapter_name": "1853. Letter of Governor-General of Goa to the Pope Concerning Interference with Padroado Rights",
      "page_numbers": [
        153
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00177-c003201f4e09226432e4.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Appeal to Reject the Apostolic Brief",
      "chunk_data": "After all, I am confident that you will consider as null and void the Breve mentioned above of the 9th May 1853, and you will despise the threats of those who have the audacity, and are not ashamed to ask a priest to be a traitor by helping them in the contemplated spoliation.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1853,
        "start_month": 7,
        "start_date": 18,
        "end_year": 1853,
        "end_month": 7,
        "end_date": 18,
        "time_display": "18 July 1853"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Governor-General of Goa",
          "Pope Pius IX",
          "Priests"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Goa",
          "Rome"
        ],
        "event": "The Governor-General urged Pope Pius IX to declare the 9 May 1853 apostolic brief void and reject threats intended to facilitate the seizure of Padroado church property.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Politics",
          "Church Authority"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}