{
  "book_metadata": {
    "book_name": "History of Christianity in India: Source Materials",
    "book_author": "M. K. Kuriakose",
    "publisher": "Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge",
    "published_on": "2011"
  },
  "chunks": [
    {
      "chunk_index": 1,
      "chapter_name": "1545. Francis Xavier’s Letter of January 1545",
      "page_numbers": [
        32
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00056-f4b87fb6503a818fa434.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Letter Context and Source",
      "chunk_data": "The Hand of Xavier\nThis letter, written from Cochin, tells of Xavier's experience in Travancore and the condition of the converts. It also makes reference to persecution by the Raja of Jafanapatam.\n'in the Pearl Fishery Coast', Pro Deo et Patria, Series No. XXV, pp. 104-106.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1545,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1545,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "January 1545"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Francis Xavier",
          "Raja of Jafanapatam"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Cochin",
          "Travancore",
          "Pearl Fishery Coast"
        ],
        "event": "Editorial introduction to Francis Xavier's January 1545 letter from Cochin.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "History"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 2,
      "chapter_name": "1545. Francis Xavier’s Letter of January 1545",
      "page_numbers": [
        32
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00056-f4b87fb6503a818fa434.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Christianity Spreads in Travancore",
      "chunk_data": "Now I speak of what I know you are most anxious to hear about the state of religion in India. In this region of Travancore, where I now am, God has drawn very many to the faith of His Son Jesus Christ.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1545,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1545,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "January 1545"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Francis Xavier",
          "Jesus Christ"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore",
          "India"
        ],
        "event": "Francis Xavier reports the spread of Christianity in Travancore.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Mission"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 3,
      "chapter_name": "1545. Francis Xavier’s Letter of January 1545",
      "page_numbers": [
        32
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00056-f4b87fb6503a818fa434.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Ten Thousand Baptized",
      "chunk_data": "In the space of one month I made Christians of more than ten thousand.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1545,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1545,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "January 1545"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Francis Xavier"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "Francis Xavier states that he converted more than ten thousand people in one month.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Mission"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 4,
      "chapter_name": "1545. Francis Xavier’s Letter of January 1545",
      "page_numbers": [
        32
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00056-f4b87fb6503a818fa434.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Gathering Villagers for Baptism",
      "chunk_data": "This is the method I have followed. As soon as I arrived in my heathen village where they had sent for me to give baptism, I gave orders for all, men, women and children, to be collected in one place.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1545,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1545,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "January 1545"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Francis Xavier"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "Francis Xavier gathers men, women, and children in a village to prepare them for baptism.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Mission"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 5,
      "chapter_name": "1545. Francis Xavier’s Letter of January 1545",
      "page_numbers": [
        32,
        33
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00056-f4b87fb6503a818fa434.webp",
        "raw\\pages\\00057-af2d5ab2141a3499c218.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Teaching Christian Doctrine",
      "chunk_data": "Then, beginning with the first elements of the Christian faith, I taught them there is one God Father, Son, and Holy Ghost; and at the same time, calling on the three divine Persons and one God, I made them each make three times the sign of the cross; then, putting on a surplice, I began to recite in a loud voice and in their own language the form of general Confession, the Apostles' Creed, the Ten Commandments, the Lord's Prayer, the Ave Maria, and the Salve Regina.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1545,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1545,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "January 1545"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Francis Xavier"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "Francis Xavier teaches Christian doctrine and leads villagers in Christian prayers.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Mission"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 6,
      "chapter_name": "1545. Francis Xavier’s Letter of January 1545",
      "page_numbers": [
        33
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00057-af2d5ab2141a3499c218.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Prayers Translated Locally",
      "chunk_data": "Two years ago I translated all these prayers into the language of the country, and learned them by heart. I recited them so that all of every age and condition followed me in them.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1543,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1543,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "c. 1543"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Francis Xavier"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "Francis Xavier translates Christian prayers into the local language and teaches them to people of all ages.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Education"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 7,
      "chapter_name": "1545. Francis Xavier’s Letter of January 1545",
      "page_numbers": [
        33
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00057-af2d5ab2141a3499c218.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Instruction Before Baptism",
      "chunk_data": "Then I began to explain shortly the articles of the Creed and the Ten Commandments in the language of the country. Where the people appeared to be sufficiently instructed to receive baptism, I ordered them all to ask God's pardon publicly for the sins of their past life, and to do this with a loud voice and in the presence of their neighbours still hostile to the Christian religion, in order to touch the hearts of the heathen and confirm the faith of the good.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1545,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1545,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "January 1545"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Francis Xavier"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "Francis Xavier explains the Creed and Commandments and requires public repentance before baptism.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Mission"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 8,
      "chapter_name": "1545. Francis Xavier’s Letter of January 1545",
      "page_numbers": [
        33
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00057-af2d5ab2141a3499c218.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Baptism and Christian Names",
      "chunk_data": "All the heathen are filled with admiration at the holiness of the law of God, and express the greatest shame at having lived so long in ignorance of the true God. They willingly hear about the mysteries and rules of the Christian religion, and treat me, poor sinner as I am, with the greatest respect. Many, however, put away from them with hardness of heart the truth which they well know. When I have done my instruction, I ask one by one all those who desire baptism if they believe without hesitation in each of the articles of the faith. All immediately, holding their arms in form of the cross, declare with one voice that they believe all entirely. Then at last I baptise them in due form, and I give to each his name written on a ticket.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1545,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1545,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "January 1545"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Francis Xavier"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "Francis Xavier instructs catechumens, receives their professions of faith, baptizes them, and assigns each a written Christian name.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Baptism"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 9,
      "chapter_name": "1545. Francis Xavier’s Letter of January 1545",
      "page_numbers": [
        33
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00057-af2d5ab2141a3499c218.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Families Join the Faith",
      "chunk_data": "After their baptism the new Christians go back to their houses and bring me their wives and families for baptism.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1545,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1545,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "January 1545"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Francis Xavier"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "Newly baptized Christians bring their wives and families to Francis Xavier for baptism.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Baptism"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 10,
      "chapter_name": "1545. Francis Xavier’s Letter of January 1545",
      "page_numbers": [
        33
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00057-af2d5ab2141a3499c218.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Destruction of Pagan Idols",
      "chunk_data": "When all are baptized I order the temples of their false gods to be destroyed and all the idols to be broken in pieces. I can give you an idea of the joy I feel in seeing this done, witnessing the destruction of the idols by the very people who but lately adored them.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1545,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1545,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "January 1545"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Francis Xavier"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "Francis Xavier orders pagan temples destroyed and idols broken after the inhabitants are baptized.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Conversion"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 11,
      "chapter_name": "1545. Francis Xavier’s Letter of January 1545",
      "page_numbers": [
        33
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00057-af2d5ab2141a3499c218.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Christian Teaching in Villages",
      "chunk_data": "In all the towns and villages I leave the Christian doctrine in writing in the language of the country. I prescribe at the same time the manner in which it is to be taught in the morning and evening schools. When I have done all this in one place, I pass to another, and so on successively to the rest. In this way I go all round the country, bringing the natives into the fold of Jesus Christ, and the joy that I feel in this is far too great to be expressed in a letter, or even by word of mouth.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1545,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1545,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "January 1545"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Francis Xavier",
          "Jesus Christ"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Travancore"
        ],
        "event": "Francis Xavier leaves written Christian doctrine and organizes its teaching in morning and evening schools throughout the country.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Education",
          "Mission"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 12,
      "chapter_name": "1545. Francis Xavier’s Letter of January 1545",
      "page_numbers": [
        33
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00057-af2d5ab2141a3499c218.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Appeal from the Island of Manaar",
      "chunk_data": "The island of Manaar is about 150 miles from this place. Its inhabitants sent me some of their people to beg me to go there to baptise them, as they had determined to become Christians. I was occupied on affairs of the greatest importance, relating to the interests of religion, and so could not go myself; but I persuaded a certain priest to go instead of me and baptise as many as possible.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1545,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1545,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "January 1545"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Francis Xavier",
          "Unnamed priest"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Manaar",
          "Cochin"
        ],
        "event": "The inhabitants of Manaar request baptism; Francis Xavier sends a priest because he cannot go himself.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Mission"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 13,
      "chapter_name": "1545. Francis Xavier’s Letter of January 1545",
      "page_numbers": [
        33
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00057-af2d5ab2141a3499c218.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Persecution by the Raja",
      "chunk_data": "He had already baptized a great number, when the Raja of Jafanapatam, under whose dominion the island lies, most cruelly put to",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1545,
        "start_month": 1,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1545,
        "end_month": 1,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "January 1545"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Unnamed priest",
          "Raja of Jafanapatam"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Manaar",
          "Jafanapatam"
        ],
        "event": "The Raja of Jafanapatam begins persecuting the priest after many baptisms on Manaar.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Persecution",
          "Politics"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}