{"pages":{"95":{"imagePath":"H:\\web_projects\\corpus-web\\electron-app\\data\\5e07978430078cb56ea89a104e5a0c0e50b3aa1618e48c486c8af005ae015143\\raw\\pages\\00119-aa9023f8e5f6970a73c4.webp","width":1170,"height":1680,"segments":[{"text":"SOURCE MATERIALS","box":{"x":480,"y":155,"width":248,"height":17}},{"text":"95","box":{"x":1015,"y":153,"width":48,"height":20}},{"text":"works in the English language, till Sungskritu with its dialects shalk","box":{"x":146,"y":200,"width":912,"height":35}},{"text":"be enriched with the most valuable works on science, morality and.","box":{"x":147,"y":227,"width":908,"height":36}},{"text":"religion which the English language possesses.","box":{"x":153,"y":252,"width":617,"height":38}},{"text":"75. LETTER OF MUNRO TO BAILY (1818 A.D.)","box":{"x":242,"y":342,"width":714,"height":31}},{"text":"This letter, dated Nagercoil, 23rd May 1818, from the British","box":{"x":235,"y":389,"width":767,"height":29}},{"text":"Resident, Col. Munro, to the C.M.S. missionary, Rev. Baily, dis-.","box":{"x":199,"y":415,"width":812,"height":29}},{"text":"cusses the objectives of the C.M.S. college, and various desirable","box":{"x":197,"y":440,"width":805,"height":27}},{"text":"changes to be instituted among the Syrian Christians. Cited in","box":{"x":197,"y":464,"width":805,"height":25}},{"text":"P. Cheriyan, The Malabar Syrians and the Church Missionary Society.","box":{"x":197,"y":489,"width":819,"height":28}},{"text":"1816-1846, Appendix A, Letter No. 25, pp. 364-365.","box":{"x":195,"y":514,"width":602,"height":27}},{"text":"..All priests must, must, of course, be educated at the College previ-","box":{"x":217,"y":567,"width":831,"height":39}},{"text":"ously to their ordination, and the laity should also to the greatest:","box":{"x":151,"y":592,"width":910,"height":32}},{"text":"practicable extent receive instruction there. All this will in a","box":{"x":150,"y":622,"width":900,"height":28}},{"text":"primary degree depend upon your exertions and I am satisfied that","box":{"x":148,"y":650,"width":901,"height":31}},{"text":"you will spare no efforts to render the College eminently conducive","box":{"x":148,"y":678,"width":900,"height":32}},{"text":"to the general and early improvement of the Syrians. I hope that","box":{"x":150,"y":704,"width":897,"height":32}},{"text":"you continue your endeavours to introduce the English language","box":{"x":148,"y":732,"width":900,"height":34}},{"text":"among the branches of study at the College. This is an object of","box":{"x":150,"y":760,"width":901,"height":31}},{"text":"great importance, and claims your serious consideration. The","box":{"x":144,"y":790,"width":903,"height":31}},{"text":"translation of the English Liturgy is another object of primary","box":{"x":147,"y":816,"width":900,"height":34}},{"text":"importance, for I think if it were well translated it might, without","box":{"x":150,"y":843,"width":897,"height":34}},{"text":"any difficulty, be substituted in all the churches for their present","box":{"x":150,"y":872,"width":897,"height":31}},{"text":"forms of worship. You will of course gradually prepare the minds","box":{"x":148,"y":899,"width":896,"height":34}},{"text":"of the Syrians by a reference to the Scriptures to abandon the.","box":{"x":150,"y":927,"width":905,"height":31}},{"text":"seven sacraments, the Mass, and other remnants of Roman Catholic","box":{"x":151,"y":955,"width":894,"height":31}},{"text":"usage...","box":{"x":147,"y":988,"width":111,"height":24}},{"text":"76. RAMMOHUN ROY ON SATI AND THE DEFENCE OF","box":{"x":150,"y":1068,"width":896,"height":22}},{"text":"WOMEN (1820 A.D.)","box":{"x":439,"y":1096,"width":299,"height":28}},{"text":"Raja Rammohun Roy, the Bengali reformer who worked closely","box":{"x":234,"y":1144,"width":767,"height":24}},{"text":"with William Carey in the effort to have sati made illegal, here describes","box":{"x":195,"y":1169,"width":799,"height":25}},{"text":"the arguments advanced by both sides in meetings held on the subject","box":{"x":197,"y":1193,"width":798,"height":25}},{"text":"in 1818 and 1820. The opponent' of sati reflects the views of Ram-","box":{"x":200,"y":1219,"width":792,"height":25}},{"text":"mohun Roy. If will be noted that the argument centres around the","box":{"x":199,"y":1243,"width":798,"height":24}},{"text":"question of whether women are worthy to outlive their husbands.","box":{"x":197,"y":1267,"width":798,"height":27}},{"text":"The complete document is found in The English Works of Raja Ram-","box":{"x":195,"y":1291,"width":799,"height":27}},{"text":"mohun Roy, pp. 359-360.","box":{"x":196,"y":1317,"width":283,"height":25}},{"text":"Section IX","box":{"x":528,"y":1378,"width":141,"height":20}},{"text":"Advocate. I alluded, in page 18, line 18, to the real reason for","box":{"x":188,"y":1420,"width":857,"height":34}},{"text":"our anxiety to persuade widows to follow their husbands, and for-","box":{"x":147,"y":1447,"width":907,"height":32}},{"text":"our endeavours to burn them pressed down with ropes; viz., that","box":{"x":146,"y":1475,"width":898,"height":34}},{"text":"women are by nature of inferior understanding, without resolution,,.","box":{"x":143,"y":1504,"width":912,"height":34}}]},"96":{"imagePath":"H:\\web_projects\\corpus-web\\electron-app\\data\\5e07978430078cb56ea89a104e5a0c0e50b3aa1618e48c486c8af005ae015143\\raw\\pages\\00120-f14fe7cdbf890d0ffc67.webp","width":1170,"height":1680,"segments":[{"text":"96","box":{"x":106,"y":141,"width":42,"height":18}},{"text":"HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA","box":{"x":329,"y":147,"width":470,"height":18}},{"text":"unworthy of trust, subject to passions, and void of virtuous know-","box":{"x":113,"y":193,"width":898,"height":31}},{"text":"ledge; they, according to the precepts of the sastra, are not allowed","box":{"x":112,"y":221,"width":900,"height":31}},{"text":"to marry again after the demise of their husbands, and consequently","box":{"x":112,"y":251,"width":904,"height":34}},{"text":"despair at once of all worldly pleasures; hence it is evident, that","box":{"x":109,"y":277,"width":905,"height":32}},{"text":"death to these unfortunate widows is preferable to existence; for","box":{"x":105,"y":307,"width":907,"height":31}},{"text":"the great difficulty which a widow may experience by living a purely","box":{"x":112,"y":334,"width":904,"height":32}},{"text":"ascetic life, as prescribed by the Sastras, is obvious; therefore, if","box":{"x":111,"y":363,"width":905,"height":32}},{"text":"she do not perform concremation, it is probably that she may be","box":{"x":111,"y":392,"width":903,"height":32}},{"text":"guilty of such acts as may bring disgrace upon her paternal and","box":{"x":104,"y":420,"width":910,"height":32}},{"text":"maternal relations and those that may be connected with her","box":{"x":109,"y":447,"width":904,"height":31}},{"text":"husband. Under these circumstances, we instruct them from their","box":{"x":111,"y":475,"width":903,"height":31}},{"text":"early life in the idea of concremation, holding out to them heavenly","box":{"x":108,"y":503,"width":905,"height":34}},{"text":"enjoyments in company with their husbands, as well as their beati-","box":{"x":111,"y":531,"width":901,"height":31}},{"text":"tude of their relations, both by birth and marriage, and their repu-","box":{"x":109,"y":559,"width":903,"height":32}},{"text":"tation in this world. From this many of them, on the death of","box":{"x":111,"y":585,"width":905,"height":34}},{"text":"their husbands, become desirous of accompanying them; but to","box":{"x":106,"y":611,"width":907,"height":36}},{"text":"remove every chance of their trying to escape from the blazing fire,","box":{"x":108,"y":641,"width":903,"height":32}},{"text":"in burning them we first tie them down to the pile.","box":{"x":105,"y":671,"width":684,"height":31}},{"text":"Opponent. The reason you have now assigned for burning","box":{"x":155,"y":728,"width":859,"height":31}},{"text":"widows alive is indeed your true motive, as we are well aware;","box":{"x":102,"y":754,"width":911,"height":34}},{"text":"but the faults which you have imputed to women are not planted","box":{"x":101,"y":782,"width":914,"height":34}},{"text":"in their constitution by nature; it would be, therefore, grossly","box":{"x":106,"y":811,"width":908,"height":34}},{"text":"criminal to condemn that sex to death merely from precaution.","box":{"x":105,"y":839,"width":905,"height":34}},{"text":"By ascribing to them all sorts of improper conduct, you have indeed","box":{"x":101,"y":868,"width":911,"height":31}},{"text":"successfully persuaded the Hindu community to look down upon","box":{"x":104,"y":895,"width":908,"height":32}},{"text":"them as contemptible and mischievous creatures, whence they have","box":{"x":102,"y":923,"width":910,"height":34}},{"text":"been subjected to constant miseries. I have, therefore, to offer","box":{"x":102,"y":952,"width":907,"height":32}},{"text":"a few remarks on this head.","box":{"x":106,"y":979,"width":372,"height":25}},{"text":"Women are in general inferior to men in bodily strength and","box":{"x":144,"y":1035,"width":868,"height":34}},{"text":"energy; consequently the male part of the community, taking","box":{"x":99,"y":1057,"width":912,"height":39}},{"text":"advantage of their corporeal weakness, have denied to them those","box":{"x":105,"y":1090,"width":907,"height":34}},{"text":"excellent merits that they are entitled to by nature, and afterwards","box":{"x":102,"y":1119,"width":908,"height":31}},{"text":"they are apt to say that women are naturally incapable of acquiring","box":{"x":104,"y":1145,"width":908,"height":38}},{"text":"those merits. But if we give the subject consideration, we may","box":{"x":101,"y":1175,"width":911,"height":32}},{"text":"easily ascertain whether or not your accusation against them is","box":{"x":102,"y":1203,"width":908,"height":32}},{"text":"consistent with justice. As to their inferiority in point of under-","box":{"x":101,"y":1231,"width":908,"height":32}},{"text":"standing, when did you ever afford them a fair opportunity of","box":{"x":102,"y":1259,"width":911,"height":36}},{"text":"exhibiting their natural capacity? How then can you accuse them","box":{"x":102,"y":1287,"width":907,"height":32}},{"text":"of want of understanding? If, after instruction in knowledge and","box":{"x":99,"y":1315,"width":911,"height":34}},{"text":"wisdom, a person cannot comprehend or retain what has been","box":{"x":101,"y":1346,"width":908,"height":29}},{"text":"taught to him, we may consider him as deficient; but as you keep","box":{"x":104,"y":1371,"width":904,"height":35}},{"text":"women generally void of education and acquirements, you cannot,","box":{"x":97,"y":1398,"width":914,"height":36}},{"text":"therefore, in justice pronounce on their inferiority...","box":{"x":102,"y":1427,"width":712,"height":34}},{"text":"Secondly, you charge them with want of resolution, at which","box":{"x":147,"y":1484,"width":864,"height":34}},{"text":"I feel exceedingly surprised for we constantly perceive, in a","box":{"x":102,"y":1511,"width":911,"height":35}}]},"97":{"imagePath":"H:\\web_projects\\corpus-web\\electron-app\\data\\5e07978430078cb56ea89a104e5a0c0e50b3aa1618e48c486c8af005ae015143\\raw\\pages\\00121-3800ef9f5b765bb478e2.webp","width":1170,"height":1680,"segments":[{"text":"SOURCE MATERIALS","box":{"x":480,"y":149,"width":245,"height":21}},{"text":"97","box":{"x":1020,"y":141,"width":38,"height":20}},{"text":"country where the name of death makes the male shudder, that the","box":{"x":153,"y":196,"width":903,"height":35}},{"text":"female, from her firmness of mind, offers to burn with the corpse","box":{"x":154,"y":227,"width":901,"height":31}},{"text":"of her deceased husband; and yet you accuse those women of","box":{"x":157,"y":254,"width":903,"height":31}},{"text":"deficiency in point of resolution.","box":{"x":151,"y":283,"width":439,"height":34}},{"text":"Thirdly, with regard to their trustworthiness, let us look minutely","box":{"x":197,"y":335,"width":857,"height":38}},{"text":"into the conduct of both sexes, and we may be enabled to ascertain","box":{"x":155,"y":366,"width":898,"height":31}},{"text":"which of them is the most frequently guilty of betraying friends.","box":{"x":150,"y":392,"width":903,"height":32}},{"text":"If we enumerate such women in each village or town as have been","box":{"x":155,"y":421,"width":898,"height":31}},{"text":"deceived by men, and such men as have been betrayed by women,","box":{"x":153,"y":448,"width":901,"height":34}},{"text":"I presume that the number of the deceived women would be found","box":{"x":153,"y":475,"width":901,"height":35}},{"text":"ten times greater than that of the betrayed men. Men are, in general,","box":{"x":153,"y":503,"width":901,"height":35}},{"text":"able to read and write, and manage public affairs by which means","box":{"x":154,"y":530,"width":900,"height":35}},{"text":"they easily promulgate such faults as women occasionally commit,","box":{"x":154,"y":557,"width":904,"height":36}},{"text":"but never consider as criminal the misconduct of men towards","box":{"x":153,"y":584,"width":901,"height":32}},{"text":"women...","box":{"x":155,"y":626,"width":127,"height":18}},{"text":"In the fourth place, with respect to their subjection to the","box":{"x":199,"y":669,"width":857,"height":34}},{"text":"passions, this may be judged of by the custom of marriage as to","box":{"x":155,"y":698,"width":900,"height":36}},{"text":"the respective sexes; for one man may marry two or three, some-","box":{"x":157,"y":725,"width":900,"height":35}},{"text":"times even ten wives and upwards; while a woman, who marries but","box":{"x":155,"y":754,"width":901,"height":32}},{"text":"one husband, desires at his death to follow him, forsaking all wordly","box":{"x":158,"y":781,"width":901,"height":32}},{"text":"enjoyments, or to remain leading the austere life of an ascetic.","box":{"x":155,"y":806,"width":843,"height":36}},{"text":"Fifthly, the accusation of their want of virtuous knowledge is","box":{"x":204,"y":863,"width":854,"height":36}},{"text":"an injustice. Observe what pain, what slighting, what contempt,","box":{"x":157,"y":892,"width":901,"height":36}},{"text":"and what affiictions their virtue enables them to support! How","box":{"x":160,"y":920,"width":898,"height":32}},{"text":"many Kulin Brahmins are there who marry ten or fifteen wives for","box":{"x":157,"y":948,"width":901,"height":32}},{"text":"the sake of money, that never see the greater number of them after","box":{"x":157,"y":978,"width":900,"height":29}},{"text":"the day of marriage, and visit others only three or four times in the","box":{"x":158,"y":1004,"width":900,"height":35}},{"text":"course of their life. Still amongst those women, most, even","box":{"x":158,"y":1032,"width":903,"height":32}},{"text":"without seeing or receiving any support from their husbands, living","box":{"x":158,"y":1058,"width":903,"height":36}},{"text":"dependent on their fathers or brothers, and suffering much distress,","box":{"x":157,"y":1088,"width":903,"height":35}},{"text":"continue to preserve their virtue; and when Brahmins, or those of","box":{"x":157,"y":1115,"width":907,"height":36}},{"text":"other tribes, bring their wives to live with them, what misery do","box":{"x":158,"y":1144,"width":903,"height":35}},{"text":"the women most suffer? At marriage the wife is recognised as half","box":{"x":155,"y":1172,"width":908,"height":32}},{"text":"of her husband, but in after-conduct they are treated worse than","box":{"x":160,"y":1200,"width":901,"height":32}},{"text":"inferior animals. For the woman is employed to the work of a","box":{"x":162,"y":1228,"width":900,"height":32}},{"text":"slave in the house, such as, in her turn, to clean the place very early","box":{"x":161,"y":1255,"width":900,"height":34}},{"text":"in the morning, whether cold or wet, to scour the dishes, to wash","box":{"x":162,"y":1282,"width":900,"height":35}},{"text":"the floor, to cook night and day, to prepare and serve food for her","box":{"x":158,"y":1312,"width":903,"height":34}},{"text":"husband These are facts occuring every day, and not to be","box":{"x":158,"y":1340,"width":905,"height":34}},{"text":"denied. What I lament is, that, seeing the women thus dependent","box":{"x":160,"y":1368,"width":903,"height":31}},{"text":"and exposed to every misery, you feel for them no compassion, that","box":{"x":164,"y":1395,"width":898,"height":35}},{"text":"might exempt them from being tied down and burnt to death.","box":{"x":158,"y":1423,"width":844,"height":35}},{"text":"H.C.I.-7","box":{"x":255,"y":1558,"width":105,"height":24}}]}}}