{
  "book_metadata": {
    "book_name": "History of Christianity in India: Source Materials",
    "book_author": "M. K. Kuriakose",
    "publisher": "Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge",
    "published_on": "2011"
  },
  "chunks": [
    {
      "chunk_index": 1,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        126
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00150-2bec376946ccf0594643.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Questionnaire and Ecclesiastical Crisis",
      "chunk_data": "1835-1836. C.M.S. QUESTIONNAIRE RELATING TO THE ECCLESIASTICAL CRISIS IN KERALA (1835-1836 A.D.)",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [],
        "places": [
          "Kerala"
        ],
        "event": "The C.M.S. questionnaire addressed the ecclesiastical crisis in Kerala.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Politics"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 2,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        126
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00150-2bec376946ccf0594643.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Answers to Question XLIX",
      "chunk_data": "The following are the answers given to Question XLIX of the questionnaire sent to the C.M.S. missionaries in Kerala by J. Tucker, secretary of the C.M.S. Corresponding Committee.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "J. Tucker"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Kerala"
        ],
        "event": "J. Tucker sent Question XLIX to the C.M.S. missionaries in Kerala.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "History"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 3,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        126
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00150-2bec376946ccf0594643.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Controversy over Syrian Church Practices",
      "chunk_data": "It reveals the attitudes that led to the controversy between the missionaries and the leaders of the Syrian Christian Community.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "C.M.S. missionaries",
          "Leaders of the Syrian Christian Community"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Kerala"
        ],
        "event": "The missionaries' attitudes contributed to controversy with Syrian Christian leaders.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Conflict"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 4,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        126
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00150-2bec376946ccf0594643.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Cottayam College Papers",
      "chunk_data": "Papers relating to Cottayam College 1835-1840, 1 vol. United Theological College, Bangalore. Archives, No: CMS 38. Cited in T. V. Philip and K. Baago, A Document from the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala, 1835-1836, Indian Church History Review, vol. I, No. 2, (December 1962), pp. 113-132.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1840,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1840"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "T. V. Philip",
          "K. Baago"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Cottayam",
          "Bangalore"
        ],
        "event": "The questionnaire answers were preserved among papers relating to Cottayam College and later cited in a church history study.",
        "tags": [
          "Archives",
          "Religion"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 5,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        126
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00150-2bec376946ccf0594643.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Assessment of Syrian Church Abuses",
      "chunk_data": "(Tucker asks the missionaries whether they consider a list of 'errors and abuses' of the Syrian Church to be correct. In most cases they answered 'yes'. Answers are only given here where the answer was not a simple 'yes').",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "J. Tucker",
          "C.M.S. missionaries"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Kerala"
        ],
        "event": "J. Tucker asked the missionaries to assess alleged errors and abuses in the Syrian Church.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Reform"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 6,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        126
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00150-2bec376946ccf0594643.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Question XLIX",
      "chunk_data": "Question XLIX. Adverting to the errors and abuses of the Syrian Church, do you consider the following arrangement correct and complete?",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [],
        "places": [
          "Kerala"
        ],
        "event": "Question XLIX requested an assessment of the Syrian Church's alleged errors and abuses.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Reform"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 7,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        126
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00150-2bec376946ccf0594643.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Errors Contrary to Scripture",
      "chunk_data": "I. Error contrary to scripture authorized and enjoined by the Church herself in her canons or formularies, and requiring a decree of the Church to remove them:",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [],
        "places": [
          "Kerala"
        ],
        "event": "The questionnaire categorized practices regarded as errors contrary to scripture.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Doctrine"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 8,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        126
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00150-2bec376946ccf0594643.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Transubstantiation",
      "chunk_data": "1. Transubstantiation.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [],
        "places": [],
        "event": "Transubstantiation was listed as an error in the Syrian Church.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Doctrine"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 9,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        126
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00150-2bec376946ccf0594643.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Sacrifice of the Mass",
      "chunk_data": "2. The Sacrifice of the Mass 'in which it is said that the Priest offers Christ for the quick and dead to have remission of pain or quiet'.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Priests"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "The sacrificial understanding of the Mass was listed as an error.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Doctrine"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 10,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        126
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00150-2bec376946ccf0594643.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Worship of the Virgin Mary",
      "chunk_data": "3. Worship of the Virgin Mary, and fasts in honour of her.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Virgin Mary"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "Worship of the Virgin Mary and fasts in her honour were listed as errors.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Doctrine"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 11,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        126
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00150-2bec376946ccf0594643.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Worship of Saints",
      "chunk_data": "4. Worship of Saints.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Saints"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "Worship of saints was listed as an error.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Doctrine"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 12,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        126
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00150-2bec376946ccf0594643.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Prayers for the Dead",
      "chunk_data": "5. Prayers for the dead.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [],
        "places": [],
        "event": "Prayers for the dead were listed as an error.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Doctrine"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 13,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        126
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00150-2bec376946ccf0594643.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Purgatory",
      "chunk_data": "6. Purgatory, or the possibility of a transition from an unpardoned to a pardoned state between the periods of death and judgement.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [],
        "places": [],
        "event": "Purgatory and postmortem transition from an unpardoned to a pardoned state were listed as errors.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Doctrine"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 14,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        126
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00150-2bec376946ccf0594643.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Missionary Answers on Purgatory",
      "chunk_data": "Answers. Rev. Messrs. Norton, Peet, Woodcock: Yes. Rev. S. Ridsdale: The Catanars deny Purgatory, but the words of the Liturgy prove the second part.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Rev. Norton",
          "Rev. Peet",
          "Rev. Woodcock",
          "Rev. S. Ridsdale",
          "Catanars"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "Most missionaries affirmed the charge, while S. Ridsdale said the Catanars denied Purgatory but that the liturgy supported the second part.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Doctrine"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 15,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        127
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00151-8cd19a94ecc95ca8b2e5.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Prayers in an Unknown Tongue",
      "chunk_data": "7. Prayers in an unknown tongue.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [],
        "places": [],
        "event": "Prayers in an unknown language were listed as an error.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Worship"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 16,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        127
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00151-8cd19a94ecc95ca8b2e5.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Clerical Power to Curse",
      "chunk_data": "8. Attributing to the Clergy the power to curse and destroy men's bodies and souls.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Clergy"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "The alleged clerical power to curse and destroy bodies and souls was listed as an error.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Clergy"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 17,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        127
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00151-8cd19a94ecc95ca8b2e5.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Missionary Doubts and Investigations",
      "chunk_data": "Answers—Rev. Th. Norton: I wish for full information. Rev. B. Bailey: I doubt. Rev. J. Peet: I think it ought to be more fully enquired into. Rev. W. J. Woodcock: I think it proved. Rev. J. Tucker: I think it explicitly stated in the Liturgy, but shall be glad of more information.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Rev. Th. Norton",
          "Rev. B. Bailey",
          "Rev. J. Peet",
          "Rev. W. J. Woodcock",
          "Rev. J. Tucker"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "The missionaries expressed differing levels of certainty about clerical powers to curse and destroy.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Clergy"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 18,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        127
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00151-8cd19a94ecc95ca8b2e5.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Seven Sacraments",
      "chunk_data": "9. Holding seven sacraments. Answer—All: To be further investigated.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "C.M.S. missionaries"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "The missionaries deferred judgment on the Syrian Church's observance of seven sacraments.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Doctrine"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 19,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        127
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00151-8cd19a94ecc95ca8b2e5.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Prayers to Altar and Chancel",
      "chunk_data": "10. Prayers to the altar and chancel. Answer—Rev. B. Bailey: I wish to enquire further.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Rev. B. Bailey"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "B. Bailey requested further inquiry into prayers addressed to the altar and chancel.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Worship"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 20,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        127
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00151-8cd19a94ecc95ca8b2e5.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Extreme Unction",
      "chunk_data": "11. Extreme unction. Answer—Rev. W. J. Woodcock and S. Ridsdale: Not sure.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Rev. W. J. Woodcock",
          "S. Ridsdale"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "Woodcock and Ridsdale were uncertain about the charge concerning extreme unction.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Doctrine"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 21,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        127
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00151-8cd19a94ecc95ca8b2e5.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Ceremonies and Other Abuses",
      "chunk_data": "II. Ceremonies and other abuses authorised and enjoined by the Church, which are not directly forbidden by the Word of God, but which, as in their present use they have much blinded the people and obscured the Glory of God, are worthy to be cut away and clean rejected, but require a Decree of the Church to remove.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [],
        "places": [
          "Kerala"
        ],
        "event": "The questionnaire identified church ceremonies and abuses that missionaries believed obscured God's glory and required ecclesiastical action to remove.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Reform"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 22,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        127
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00151-8cd19a94ecc95ca8b2e5.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Mass Ceremonies",
      "chunk_data": "1. The genuflexions, prostrations, crossing themselves and marking all the vessels, etc., with the sign of the cross, and all the other vain ceremonies attending the celebration of the Lord's supper, including the elevation of the Host, incense, ringing of the bells, the priest receiving the Mass alone, kissing the priest's sleeve, the kiss of peace, burning wax lights, etc.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Priests"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "Various ceremonial practices associated with the Mass were listed as vain ceremonies.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Worship"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 23,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        127
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00151-8cd19a94ecc95ca8b2e5.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Baptismal Ceremonies",
      "chunk_data": "2. Vain ceremonies at Baptism.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [],
        "places": [],
        "event": "Vain ceremonies at baptism were listed as an abuse.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Worship"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 24,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        127
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00151-8cd19a94ecc95ca8b2e5.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Marriage Ceremonies",
      "chunk_data": "3. Vain ceremonies at Marriages.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [],
        "places": [],
        "event": "Vain ceremonies at marriages were listed as an abuse.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Worship"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 25,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        127
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00151-8cd19a94ecc95ca8b2e5.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Burial Ceremonies",
      "chunk_data": "4. Vain ceremonies at Burial, with burning of candles at the grave.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [],
        "places": [],
        "event": "Vain burial ceremonies, including burning candles at the grave, were listed as an abuse.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Worship"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 26,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        127
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00151-8cd19a94ecc95ca8b2e5.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Lenten Confession and Absolution",
      "chunk_data": "5. Confession in Lent, and absolution upon payment of one Chukrum. (One Chuckrum is a little more than half of an Anna; 28 Chuckrums make one Rupee.)",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [],
        "places": [],
        "event": "Lenten confession and absolution in exchange for one Chukrum were listed as abuses.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Economy"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 27,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        128
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00152-295b2fd7ebdc923f48b2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Sinful and Corrupt Practices",
      "chunk_data": "III. Sinful and corrupt practices, and abuses tolerated and allowed but not enjoined by the Church at present and practiced by laity or clergy.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Laity",
          "Clergy"
        ],
        "places": [
          "Kerala"
        ],
        "event": "The questionnaire categorized sinful and corrupt practices tolerated among the laity and clergy.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Reform"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 28,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        128
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00152-295b2fd7ebdc923f48b2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Metran's Ordination of Boys",
      "chunk_data": "On the part of the Metran: 1. The ordination of the boys from 8 or 9 years old and upwards to inferior orders from which they cannot retract, and admission into the priesthood at 17 years age, contrary to Canons.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Metran",
          "Boys",
          "Priests"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "The Metran was accused of ordaining boys from eight or nine years old and admitting them to the priesthood at seventeen, contrary to canon law.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Clergy"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 29,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        128
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00152-295b2fd7ebdc923f48b2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Excess Ordination of Clergy",
      "chunk_data": "2. The ordination of a greater number than are required or can be supported.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Metran",
          "Clergy"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "The Metran was accused of ordaining more clergy than were needed or could be supported.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Clergy"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 30,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        128
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00152-295b2fd7ebdc923f48b2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Simony by the Metran",
      "chunk_data": "3. The sin of Simony practiced by the Metran.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Metran"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "The Metran was accused of practicing simony.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Clergy"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 31,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        128
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00152-295b2fd7ebdc923f48b2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Neglect of Clerical Ungodliness",
      "chunk_data": "4. His taking no notice of the ungodliness of the Clergy.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Metran",
          "Clergy"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "The Metran was accused of ignoring the ungodliness of the clergy.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Clergy"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 32,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        128
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00152-295b2fd7ebdc923f48b2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Metran's Public Sin",
      "chunk_data": "5. His being suffered by the Clergy to live in open and notorious sin.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Metran",
          "Clergy"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "The clergy were accused of allowing the Metran to live openly in notorious sin.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Clergy"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 33,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        128
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00152-295b2fd7ebdc923f48b2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Honours Paid to Sorcerer",
      "chunk_data": "6. His paying public honours to a noted sorcerer. Answer—All: Yes, on the authority of the Rev. J. Peet. The Rev. B. Bailey knows that sorcery was practised, at the same place.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Metran",
          "Rev. J. Peet",
          "Rev. B. Bailey",
          "Sorcerer"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "The Metran was accused of publicly honouring a noted sorcerer; the missionaries affirmed the charge on J. Peet's authority.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Sorcery"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 34,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        128
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00152-295b2fd7ebdc923f48b2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Clergy in Merchandise",
      "chunk_data": "On the part of the Clergy: 1. Some of them engaging in merchandise. Answer—Rev. S. Ridsdale: Not sure.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Clergy",
          "Rev. S. Ridsdale"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "Some clergy were accused of engaging in merchandise, though S. Ridsdale was uncertain.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Economy"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 35,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        128
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00152-295b2fd7ebdc923f48b2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Clerical Vices",
      "chunk_data": "2. The notorious vices of some of them.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Clergy"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "Some clergy were accused of notorious vices.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Clergy"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 36,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        128
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00152-295b2fd7ebdc923f48b2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Neglect of Public Preaching",
      "chunk_data": "3. The total neglect of public preaching, and even of public and stated reading of the scriptures.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Clergy"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "The clergy were accused of neglecting public preaching and regular public reading of scripture.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Education"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 37,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        128
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00152-295b2fd7ebdc923f48b2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Neglect of Christian Education",
      "chunk_data": "4. The same of educating and instructing the people; making no efforts to catechise the children, or distribute the scriptures.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Clergy",
          "Children"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "The clergy were accused of neglecting education, catechism, and distribution of scripture.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Education"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 38,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        128
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00152-295b2fd7ebdc923f48b2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Resistance to Reformation",
      "chunk_data": "5. Either the opposing or manifesting a disinclination to all attempts at an efficient reformation.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Clergy"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "The clergy were accused of opposing or resisting effective reform.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Reform"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 39,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        128
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00152-295b2fd7ebdc923f48b2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Clerical Marriage and Celibacy",
      "chunk_data": "6. Discouragement of the marriage of the Clergy, or general Celibacy. Answers Rev. Messrs. Norton, Ridsdale, Woodcock think it correct. Rev. Messrs. Bailey, Peet, Tucker prefer calling it 'discouragement of the marriage of the Clergy'.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Rev. Norton",
          "Rev. S. Ridsdale",
          "Rev. W. J. Woodcock",
          "Rev. B. Bailey",
          "Rev. J. Peet",
          "Rev. J. Tucker",
          "Clergy"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "Missionaries debated whether to characterize clerical celibacy as general celibacy or discouragement of clergy marriage.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Clergy"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "chunk_index": 40,
      "chapter_name": "92. C.M.S. Questionnaire Relating to the Ecclesiastical Crisis in Kerala",
      "page_numbers": [
        128
      ],
      "image_paths": [
        "raw\\pages\\00152-295b2fd7ebdc923f48b2.webp"
      ],
      "chunk_title": "Irregular Divine Service",
      "chunk_data": "7. Irregularity in the time of performing Divine Service. Answer—Rev. S. Ridsdale: not sure.",
      "time": {
        "start_year": 1835,
        "start_month": null,
        "start_date": null,
        "end_year": 1836,
        "end_month": null,
        "end_date": null,
        "time_display": "1835-1836"
      },
      "meta": {
        "people": [
          "Rev. S. Ridsdale",
          "Clergy"
        ],
        "places": [],
        "event": "Irregular timing of divine service was listed as an abuse, though S. Ridsdale was uncertain.",
        "tags": [
          "Religion",
          "Worship"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}